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    • Mitochondria, which have important functions in cells, are not only a place for ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation, but their activity and dysfunction are closely related to cancer, senescence, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Therefore, understanding the state of mitochondria is particularly important.

    Mitochondria Research

    Mitophagy

    Ferroptosis is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides. Lipid peroxides are formed from oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in membrane phospholipids, with iron suggested to be involved. Intracellular glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) uses reduced glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant, to reduce lipid peroxides generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS).

    Target Mitophagy
    Reagent Mitophagy Detection Kit Keima-Red
    Principle Mitophagy Dye (included in Mitophagy Detection Kit) is a pH-sensitive fluorescent probe that accumulates in mitochondria and emits red fluorescence due to acidic conditions in a lysosome. A pH-sensitive ratiometric fluorescent protein. The excitation spectrum changes according to pH. This protein shows high fluorescence ratio (Ex. 550 nm/440 nm) values in a lysosome.
    Accumulating in mitochondria Yes
    (Covalent bond)    		 -
    (Expression protein)
    Live-cell staining
    (Fixation after live-cell staining)    		 ✓
    (-)    		 ✓
    (-)
    Fixed cell staining - -
    Ex/Em (nm) 530/700 550 & 440/620
    Staining time *1 30 min~ *2

    *1 Suitable staining time depends on sample type and reagent concentration.
    *2 It is necessary to construct a keima expression strain.

    Oxidative Stress

    Target Lipophilic Peroxide ROS Singlet oxygen Superoxide
    Reagent MitoPeDPP ROS Assay Kit Si-DMA mtSOX Deep Red MitoSOX Red
    CAT. No. M466 R252 MT05 MT14 -
    Principle A cell-permeant fluorescent probe that accumulates in mitochondria and specifically reacts with lipophilic peroxides in mitochondria to emit fluorescence. A cell-permeant fluorescent probe that reacts with ROS generated in mitochondria to emit fluorescence. A cell-permeant fluorescent probe that accumulates in mitochondria and specifically reacts with singlet oxygen generated in mitochondria to emit fluorescence. A cell-permeant fluorescent probe that accumulates in mitochondria and reacts with superoxide generated in mitochondria to emit fluorescence. A cell-permeant fluorescent probe that accumulates in mitochondria and reacts with superoxide generated in mitochondria to emit fluorescence.
    Accumulating in mitochondria Yes
    (Electrostatic interaction)    		 - Yes
    (Electrostatic interaction)    		 Yes
    (Electrostatic interaction)    		 Yes
    (Electrostatic interaction)
    Live-cell staining
    (Fixed Cell staining)    		 ✓
    (-)    		 ✓
    (-)    		 ✓
    (-)    		 ✓
    (-)    		 ✓
    (-)
    Fixed cell staining - - - - -
    Ex/Em (nm) 452/470 505/525 644/670 540/670 510/580
    Common filter set FITC FITC Cy5 TexasRed
    Cy5    		 TRITC
    Staining time *1 30 min~ 15 min~ 45 min~ 10 min~ 10 min~

    *1 Suitable staining time depends on sample type and reagent concentration.

    Mitochondrial Membrane Potential

    Target Mitochondrial Membrane Potential
    Reagent MT-1 MitoMP Detection Kit JC-1 MitoMP Detection Kit
    CAT. No. MT13 Product code
    Principle Cell-permeant fluorescent dyes accumulate in intact mitochondria due to the membrane potential. MT-1 is extremely photostable and more sensitive than JC-1 and can provide equivalent detection sensitivity to TMRE. A cell-permeant ratiometric fluorescent dye that accumulates in intact mitochondria due to the membrane potential. JC-1 forms aggregate (in healthy mitochondria) with red fluorescence. As membrane potential decreases, JC-1 becomes monomers, which shows in green fluorescence.
    Live-cell staining
    (PFA fixation after staining)    		 ✓
    (✓)    		 ✓
    (-)
    Fixed cell staining - -
    Ex/Em (nm) 530-560/570-640 Monomer: 514/529
    J-aggregation: 585/590
    Common filter set TRITC
    TexasRed    		 Monomer: FITC
    J-aggregation: TRITC; TexasRed
    Staining time *1 30 min 10~60 min

    *1 Suitable staining time depends on sample type and reagent concentration.

    Mitochondria Staining

    Target Localization of mitochondria
    Reagent MitoBright LT series
    (Deep Red / Green / Red)     		MitoBright IM Red MitoTracker series Rhodamine 123
    Product Code MT12 / MT10 / MT11 MT15 - R233
    Principle Cell-permeant fluorescent dyes accumulate in intact mitochondria due to the membrane potential. Cell-permeant fluorescent dyes accumulate in intact mitochondria due to the membrane potential. Cell-permeant fluorescent dyes accumulate in intact mitochondria due to the membrane potential. Cell-permeant fluorescent dyes accumulate in intact mitochondria due to the membrane potential.
    Live-cell staining
    (PFA fixation after staining)    		 ✓
    (✓)    		 ✓
    (✓)    		 ✓
    (✓)    		 ✓
    (-)
    Fixed cell staining - - - -
    Combination with
    immunostaining    		 - ✓ Conditionally -
    Long-term retention ✓ × × ×
    Ex/Em (nm) Green: 493/508
    Red: 547/563
    Deep Red:643/663    		 549/566 490/516 ~ 644/665 507/529
    Common filter set Green: FITC TRITC - FITC
    Red: TRITC
    DEEP Red: Cy5
    Staining time *1 10 min~ 30 min~ 15~45 min 15 min~

    *1 Suitable staining time depends on the sample type and reagent concentration.

    Metal Ion Detection

    Target Calcium ion (Ca2+) Iron ion (Fe2+)
    Reagent Rhod 2-AM Mito-FerroGreen
    Product code R002 M489-10
    Principle A cell-permeant fluorescent probe that accumulates in mitochondria and specifically reacts with calcium ion in mitochondria to emit red fluorescence. A cell-permeant fluorescent probe that accumulates in mitochondria and specifically reacts with ferrous ion in mitochondria to emit green fluorescence.
    Accumulating in mitochondria ✓
    (Electrostatic interaction)    		 ✓
    (Electrostatic interaction)
    Live-cell staining
    (PFA fixation after staining)    		 ✓
    (-)    		 ✓
    (-)
    Fixed cell staining - -
    Ex/Em (nm) 553/576 505/535
    Common filter set TRITC FITC
    Staining time *1 30~60 min 30 min~

    *1 Suitable staining time depends on the sample type and reagent concentration.

    Products

    Application Product Name CAT. No.
    Mitophagy Detection Mitophagy Detection Kit MD01-10; MT02-10
    Mitochondrial Phospholipid Peroxidase Detection MitoPeDPP M466-10
    Mitochondrial Ferrous Ion Detection Mito-FerroGreen M489-10
    Singlet oxygen specific fluorescent probe Si-DMA for Mitochondrial Singlet Oxygen Imaging MT05-10
    Mitochondrial Membrane Potential JC-1 MitoMP Detection Kit MT09-10
    MT-1 MitoMP Detection Kit MT13-10
    Mitochondria Staining MitoBright LT Red MT11-10; MT11-12; MT11-14
    MitoBright LT Deep Red MT12-10; MT12-12; MT12-14
    MitoBright LT Green MT10-10; MT10-12; MT10-14
    MitoBright IM Red for Immunostaining MT15-10; MT15-12
    -Cellstain-MitoRed R237-10
    Mitochondrial Superoxide Detection mtSOX Deep Red – Mitochondrial Superoxide Detection MT14-10; MT14-12

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