Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-bound particles that are naturally released by almost all cell types. Unlike the cells, EVs cannot replicate. EVs range in diameter from near the size of the smallest physically possible unilamellar liposome (around 20-30 nanometers) to as large as 10 microns or more, although the vast majority of EVs are smaller than 200 nm. EVs can be divided into exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies based on their size and formation pathway.
EVs play a vital role in intercellular communication. They regulate gene expression and signal transduction of receptor cells by carrying and transferring biomolecules such as proteins, RNA, and lipids. EVs are also involved in the regulation of immune responses and play an immunomodulatory role by affecting the activity of immune cells. In addition, EVs can reflect the physiological state of the source cells, so they are regarded as potential disease biomarkers, especially in the study of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.
The unique characteristics of EVs give them broad application prospects in life science, diagnostic development, drug delivery research and other fields. As potential biomarkers, EVs have been used for early diagnosis of diseases, especially in the fields of tumors and infections. Due to their low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity, EVs have shown great application potential in the delivery of gene drugs, which can achieve targeted drug delivery and reduce side effects. In cell therapy, EVs are developed for immunotherapy and tissue repair, further broadening their application in the medical field.
Amerigo Scientific offers high-quality extracellular vesicles for cellular analysis, disease research, and the development of biomarkers or advanced drug delivery systems.
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