Tissue microarrays (TMAs), also known as tissue chips, are a high-throughput tool designed for the simultaneous analysis of multiple tissue samples on a single slide. TMA is an integration of traditional nucleic acid in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry experiments on a single slide. Conventional nucleic acid in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry detects the expression of one gene in one tissue at a time, while TMA provides in situ detection of protein, DNA or RNA targets on multiple tissue specimens per slide. TMAs are made by making multiple tissue samples into tiny cylindrical tissue cores (usually 0.6-2 mm in diameter) and arranging them in a receiving paraffin block in a regular manner, achieving the ability to analyze multiple samples simultaneously on a single slice. The high-through approach significantly enhances research efficiency, allowing multiple samples to be processed and compared under identical experimental conditions, thereby minimizing variability and improving result reproducibility.
The typical TMA workflow involves selecting tissue regions of interest from donor blocks, extracting tissue cores using a microarrayer, constructing the tissue array, preparing thin slices, performing staining (such as immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization), and analyzing the data using imaging and software systems. Due to their precision and scalability, TMAs are a valuable and essential technology in both basic and clinical translational research, particularly in cancer biomarker studies, drug target validation, and the evaluation of diagnostic and prognostic markers.
Amerigo Scientific provides a variety of high-quality tissue microarrays to meet different research needs, providing efficient and reliable solutions for biomedical and clinical research.
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