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•  AAV Serotype Testing Panels

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) belong to the Parvoviridae family, which are non-enveloped viruses with a single-stranded 4-6 kb DNA. Unlike most viruses, AAVs are inherently nonpathogenic, poorly immunogenic, and broadly infectious, making them ideal for in vivo purposes. In addition, AAVs exhibit stable and long-lasting transgene expression and are therefore attractive vectors for gene delivery in gene therapies. At least thirteen serotypes of AAV (AAV1-AAV13) have been identified. AAVs possess three different capsid proteins: viral proteins 1,2,3 (VP1, VP2, and VP3). The VP1 is the largest of the three capsid proteins. VP2 and VP3 are produced through differences in splicing and translation initiation. Among the AAV serotypes, variations in the amino acid composition of the capsid protein contribute to the specific tropism ability of each serotype. Amerigo Scientific offers AAV serotype testing panels to select the optimal AAV serotype for specific applications by systematic comparison of a variety of serotypes in cells or in animals.

Product Range

Features

• The AAV serotype testing panel is highly flexible, allowing customization of three or more AAV units from the 18 serotypes, depending on the research needs.
• Our standard AAV serotype collection includes AAVs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6.2, 7, 8, 9, rh10, DJ, DJ/8, PHP.eB, PHP.S, AAV2-retro, AAV2-QuadYF, and AAV2.7m8.
• Either CAG or CMV promoters can be selected to drive AAV-mediated EGFP reporter gene expression, allowing monitoring and comparison of the performance of different serotypes on the panel.

AAV Vectors

The AAV serotype testing panels contain the pre-made AAVs expressing EGFP by the highly optimized vector systems with CAG or CMV promoters. The AAV vector system can achieve high copy number replication in E. coli, high-titer packaging of live virus, efficient transduction of host cells, and high-level transgene expression. The AAV vectors can be packaged into viruses using all known capsid serotypes with high transduction efficiency and low safety risks.

Tissue Tropism of AAV Serotypes

The interaction of AAV with cellular receptors is critical for the entry of AAV into the cell. AAV1 uses sialic acid as the primary cell surface receptor and AAV receptor (AAVR) as a co-receptor. The AAVR, also known as KIAA0319L, is a cellular receptor required for transduction of multiple AAV serotype vectors. Compared with other serotypes, AAV1 shows a high tropism towards skeletal muscles of murine, canine, and non-human primate (NHP) origins. AAV1 also can achieve efficiently transduction of neurons, glial cells, and ependymal cells in the murine, as well as the heart, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle, and retina. AAV2 is considered the most studied serotype of all AAVs. Its primary cellular receptor is heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), and co-receptors include human fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), αVβ5 and α5β1 integrins, hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR), laminin receptor (LR) and CD9. AAV2 shows a wide range of tropisms for several tissues or cell types in primate, murine, canine, and avian, including kidney tissue, hepatocytes, retina, non-mitotic cells of the central nervous system, and skeletal muscles. Similar to AAV2, AAV3 targets HSPG, FGFR1, and LR receptors, as well as the human HGFR. AAV3 shows extremely efficient transduction of human liver cancer cells as well as human and NHP hepatocytes. AAV4 is one of the most antigenically distinct serotypes and uses 2,3 O-linked sialic acids for cell binding and infection. The specific tropism of AAV4 results in transduction efficacy in specific cell types in the mammalian central nervous system. In addition, AAV4 can be stably transduced into retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells of rodent, canine, and NHP. AAV serotypes 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 have tropism to smooth muscle and serotypes 5, 6, 8, and 9 have tropism to the central nervous system. In addition to natural AAV serotypes, novel AAV vectors have been developed with the different engineering strategies. The novel hybrid vectors have enhanced transduction, modulated immunogenicity, or limited tropism to specific cells.

• • Different AAV Serotypes

    • Serotype	Tissue Tropisms
      AAV1	Smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, CNS, brain, lung, retina, inner ear, pancreas, heart, liver
      AAV2	Smooth muscle, CNS, brain, liver, pancreas, kidney, retina, inner ear, testes
      AAV3	Smooth muscle, liver, lung
      AAV4	CNS, retina, lung, kidney, heart
      AAV5	Smooth muscle, CNS, brain, lung, retina, heart
      AAV6	Smooth muscle, heart, lung, pancreas, adipose, liver
      AAV6.2	Lung, liver, inner ear
      AAV7	Smooth muscle, retina, CNS, brain, liver
      AAV8	Smooth muscle, CNS, brain, retina, inner ear, liver, pancreas, heart, kidney, adipose
      AAV9	Smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, lung, liver, heart, pancreas, CNS, retina, inner ear, testes, kidney, adipose
      AAV-rh10	Smooth muscle, lung, liver, heart, pancreas, CNS, retina, kidney
      AAV-DJ	Liver, heart, kidney, spleen
      AAV-DJ/8	Liver, brain, spleen, kidney
      AAV-PHP.eB	CNS
      AAV-PHP.S	PNS
      AAV2-retro	Spinal nerves
      AAV2-QuadYF	Endothelial cell, retina
      AAV2.7m8	Retina, inner ear

  • Different Tissue Types

    • Tissue type	Recommended AAV Serotypes
      Smooth muscle	AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV-rh10
      Skeletal muscle	AAV1, AAV9
      CNS	AAV1, AAV2, AAV4, AAV5, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV-rh10, AAV-PHP.eB
      PNS	AAV-PHP.S
      Brain	AAV1, AAV2, AAV5, AAV7, AAV8, AAV-DJ/8
      Retina	AAV1, AAV2, AAV4, AAV5, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV-rh10, AAV2-QuadYF, AAV2.7m8
      Inner ear	AAV1, AAV2, AAV6.2, AAV8, AAV9, AAV2.7m8
      Lung	AAV1, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV6.2, AAV9, AAV-rh10
      Liver	AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV6, AAV6.2, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV-rh10, AAV-DJ, AAV-DJ/8
      Pancreas	AAV1, AAV2, AAV6, AAV8, AAV9, AAV-rh10
      Heart	AAV1, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV8, AAV9, AAV-rh10, AAV-DJ
      Kidney	AAV2, AAV4, AAV8, AAV9, AAV-rh10, AAV-DJ, AAV-DJ/8
      Adipose	AAV6, AAV8, AAV9
      Testes	AAV2, AAV9
      Spleen	AAV-DJ, AAV-DJ/8
      Spinal nerves	AAV2-retro
      Endothelial cells	AAV2-QuadYF