Protein Kinase related Antibody Products

Based on our expertise and years of experience, Amerigo Scientific provides various protein kinase antibody products, featuring high specificity and sensitivity. These antibodies enable precise detection and analysis of kinase activity and are ideal for studying signal transduction and disease pathways, helping customers achieve accurate results and advance their research.

Protein kinases are pivotal enzymes involved in cellular signaling, regulating diverse physiological processes through the phosphorylation of target proteins. Structurally, they typically comprise a conserved catalytic domain and regulatory elements, allowing precise control of their activity. Functionally, protein kinases modulate crucial signal transduction pathways governing cell growth, metabolism, differentiation, and apoptosis. By catalyzing the transfer of γ-phosphate groups from ATP to specific amino acid residues, they orchestrate intricate networks of intracellular communication, enabling cells to respond to extracellular cues and environmental changes.

Roles of Protein Kinases in Signal Transduction

Protein kinases perform a crucial part in signal transduction, the process by which cells react to external signals through a series of molecular events. They act by phosphorylating target proteins on serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues, which can alter the protein's activity, localization, stability, or interactions with other molecules. This phosphorylation event serves as an on/off switch in various signaling pathways. In response to extracellular signals such as hormones, growth factors, and cytokines, protein kinases activate a cascade of downstream effects, ultimately leading to cellular responses like gene expression, cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis. Key examples include the MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and JAK/STAT pathways. Dysregulation of protein kinase activity is often associated with various diseases, particularly cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune disorders, making them crucial targets for therapeutic intervention.

Fig.1 The catalytic cycle of protein phosphorylation by a protein kinase.¹

Types of Protein Kinases

Protein kinases include a wide range of enzyme types, each with its distinct features and functional properties. Protein kinases can be classified into several types based on their substrate specificity:

Serine/Threonine-Specific Protein Kinases (STPKs)

STPKs primarily phosphorylate serine and threonine residues on target proteins. They control multiple cellular processes, like cell cycle progression, metabolism, and differentiation. Subclasses include cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which regulate cell cycle transitions, and protein kinase A (PKA), involved in cellular response to cyclic AMP.

Tyrosine-Specific Protein Kinases (TKs)

TKs phosphorylate tyrosine residues and are crucial in growth factor signaling, cell proliferation, and differentiation. They include receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which activate intracellular signaling pathways in response to ligand binding, and non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs) like Src family kinases, involved in cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell adhesion.

Dual-Specificity Protein Kinases (DSPKs)

DSPKs possess the ability to phosphorylate serine/threonine and tyrosine residues on their substrates. They regulate diverse cellular processes including stress responses and immune function. Examples include MAP kinases (MAPKs), pivotal in transmitting signals from the cell surface to the nucleus, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), which activates MAPKs.

Amerigo Scientific provides a full range of protein kinase antibody products, some of the targets are listed in the table. These antibodies are essential tools for researching kinase signaling pathways, which can assist you in the study of cellular processes, related diseases, etc. Our antibodies offer superior specificity and sensitivity, enabling precise detection and characterization of kinase activities in diverse experimental settings.

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