Cell Cycle related Antibody Products

The progression of the cell cycle involves a series of systematically arranged events leading to cellular growth and subsequent division into two progeny cells. Central to the regulation of the cell cycle are cyclins and CDKs, which orchestrate the process, while the Cip/Kip and INK4 gene families act as checkpoints to avert erroneous cell division. Amerigo Scientific provides a range of proprietary, rigorously validated antibodies pertinent to the cell cycle, specifically designed to support your research endeavors.

Overview of Cell Cycle

The cell cycle, a cornerstone of biological processes, oversees cellular growth and division via precisely orchestrated phases, ensuring the precise replication and distribution of genetic material to progeny cells. This process is regulated by a complex system of proteins, such as cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), working together to guide the cell through its stages: G1 (gap 1), S (synthesis), G2 (gap 2), and M (mitosis). Disturbances in this process can lead to unrestricted cellular proliferation, a characteristic feature of cancer. Oncoproteins, often arising from mutated oncogenes, play a crucial role in cancer cell cycle deregulation. These proteins can either directly accelerate cell cycle progression or inhibit tumor suppressor proteins, thereby bypassing cellular checkpoints that typically prevent the proliferation of cells with DNA damage.

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of cell cycle.¹

Phases in Cell Cycle

Interphase, often referred to as the resting phase of the cell cycle, spans from the conclusion of one mitotic division to the onset of the next. During this phase, the cell undergoes growth and DNA replication, making it the longest segment of the cell cycle, occupying approximately 95% of the total cycle duration. Interphase is subdivided into three distinct phases based on specific cellular events: the G1, S, and G2 phase.

• The G1 phase, also referred to as the growth phase, marks the initial stage of interphase, commencing at the conclusion of the preceding M phase and continuing until the initiation of DNA synthesis. During this stage, the cell remains metabolically active and continues to grow without undergoing DNA replication.
• The S phase is the intermediate phase occurring between the G1 and G2 phases. During this phase, DNA replication occurs. If the initial DNA content of the cell is denoted as 2N, it doubles to 4N post-replication. Nonetheless, the chromosome count remains constant, as each chromosome duplicates into a pair of sister chromatids that remain joined at their centromeres until the ensuing M phase.
• The G2 phase spans from the conclusion of the S phase until the onset of mitosis. During this phase, the cell synthesizes proteins, RNA, and other macromolecules essential for spindle formation, organelle duplication, overall growth, and preparation for entry into mitosis.

The M phase is a multi-step process wherein duplicated chromosomes are aligned, separated, and distributed into two identical daughter cells. This phase encompasses both mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis is further divided into four successive stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In animal cells, cytokinesis initiates with the formation of a ring of actin filaments at the metaphase plate, resulting in the division of the cytoplasm.

Genes Involved in Cell Cycle

To ensure accurate DNA replication and chromosome distribution during the cell cycle, cells employ sophisticated surveillance mechanisms to oversee crucial processes, known as cell cycle checkpoints. These checkpoints, such as the G1/S phase and G2/M phase checkpoints, regulate entry into DNA synthesis and division into daughter cells, respectively. They play a critical role in maintaining the integrity of cell cycle regulation, ensuring faithful transmission of genetic material to progeny cells.

Amerigo Scientific presents an extensive array of monoclonal antibodies available in diverse species, isotypes, and formats. Should you not find the precise antibody you seek, our custom antibody engineering services are equipped to fulfill your requirements. Explore our curated selection of cell cycle-related antibodies, or reach out to us for further inquiries or to request quotations. We are enthusiastic about supporting your research needs.