Amerigo Scientific is committed to providing a variety of professional antibodies and markers for your neurotransmitter research, helping you to further explore the signaling activities of nerve cells. We guarantee the quality of our products and are confident that we can provide you with the most suitable antibodies.
Neurotransmitters are chemical substances for information transmission, which are synthesized by presynaptic neurons. They can specifically act on the receptors of postsynaptic neurons or effector cells and produce certain effects. According to the chemical composition characteristics of neurotransmitters, they mainly include choline (acetylcholine), monoamines (norepinephrine, dopamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine), amino acids (excitatory transmitters such as glutamate and aspartic acid; inhibitory transmitters such as γ-aminobutyric acid, glycine, and taurine) and neuropeptides. Neurotransmitters are stored in presynaptic vesicles. When the neuron is stimulated by a signal (this signal may come from the environment or other neurons), the presynaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters. The corresponding receptors on the postsynaptic membrane specifically bind to the neurotransmitter, triggering a series of reactions in subsequent cells. This is the whole process of neurotransmitter information transmission. When the transmission of information needs to be terminated, the neurotransmitter will be decomposed by the hydrolases located in the postsynaptic membrane or cleft. In other situations, they are reuptake by the presynaptic membrane-specific transmitter transporter.
Fig.1 Synapses and neurotransmitters. Distributed under CC BY-SA 4.0, from Wiki, without modification.
Neurotransmitter receptors are transmembrane proteins that participate in nerve signal transmission and regulate cell activity together with neurotransmitters. Abnormalities in neurotransmitter receptors may affect the normal function of the nervous system and lead to the occurrence of nervous system diseases. Receptors are activated after specific binding with transmitters and then produce effects on postsynaptic neurons through certain transmembrane signal transduction pathways. The receptors that mediate transmembrane signal transduction are mainly divided into two categories: G protein-coupled receptors (metabolic receptors) and ion channel receptors (ionotropic receptors), with the former accounting for the vast majority.
Neurotransmitter transporters are proteins that secrete and transport neurotransmitters. The more neurotransmitter transporters there are, the more related neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine are naturally secreted and transported. When the amount of transport far exceeds or is significantly lower than the normal dynamic ratio, the body will develop mental illness. The study of neurotransmitter transporters has created an important theoretical basis for the treatment of mental illness through biological protein intervention.
Ion channels are proteins on the cell membrane that play a key role in neurotransmitter transmission, regulating cell potential and ion transport. Neurotransmitter transmission is achieved through the opening and closing of ion channels, a process that involves the ion concentration difference between the inside and outside, the electrochemical gradient, and the characteristics of the high-frequency channel. In the process of neurotransmitter transmission, the opening and closing of ion channels are coordinated by neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter receptors. When neurotransmitters bind to neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels will open or close, thereby changing the potential difference and ion flux inside and outside the cell.
Amerigo Scientific provides high-quality neuroscience antibodies for diverse targets, satisfying various demands for your neurotransmitter study. We are dedicated to helping you improve your experiments and accelerate the R&D process in the field of neuroscience. Please for more information.
Browse Products by Target Initial
