Amerigo Scientific is pleased to introduce a wide range of antibody products for the study of various metabolic diseases. Our products are characterized by high specificity, exceptional purity, and outstanding sensitivity, ensuring reliable detection of key targets associated with metabolic disorders.
Metabolic diseases are a result of metabolic disorders, which are disruptions in cellular processes that convert food into energy. These diseases impact the ability of cells to carry out crucial biochemical reactions involving proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. A typical characteristic of metabolic diseases is mutations in genes responsible for enzymes involved in metabolism, with inactive gene mutations being the most prevalent. Some metabolic diseases are also linked to mutations in hormones, metabolic enzymes, and their receptors that regulate substance metabolism. They are typically classified into two groups. One group is caused by genetic mutations. Mutations in specific genes can lead to abnormalities in metabolic pathways, resulting in the depletion of essential metabolites or the accumulation of toxic metabolites. The other group is induced by lifestyles such as diet and physical activity.
DM is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion and varying levels of peripheral insulin resistance, mainly including type I DM (T1DM) and type II DM (T2DM). T1DM is mainly characterized by the immunological destruction of β-cells, thus inducing insufficient insulin secretion. In contrast, T2DM is marked by reduced sensitivity to insulin in the body, resulting in inadequate insulin secretion or insulin resistance. The pathogenesis of DM is associated with various signaling pathways, including MAPK, PI3K/AKT, AMPK, TGFβ, FNF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, mTORC1-S6K1, HIFs, GLP-1R, PPAR, UPR, Hippo, and Ca2+-related pathways.
Fig.1 Multiple signaling pathways regulate β cell function.1,4
Obesity is a common chronic metabolic disorder caused by a lack of balance between calorie intake and expenditure, resulting in excessive fat in the body beyond the requirements for physiological functions. Its prevalence is associated with a heightened risk of various health complications, including T2DM, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, NAFLD, and certain cancers. Studies have shown that MAPK, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, TGF-β, AMPK, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways play a critical role in the development of obesity.
Fig.2 Signaling pathways involved in pro-obesity and anti-obesity mechanisms.2,4
NAFLD is a chronic metabolic liver disease characterized by the accumulation of fat in liver cells, independent of significant alcohol consumption. The condition is tightly linked to insulin resistance and various genetic predispositions. NAFLD can evolve from simple fatty liver to more severe stages like steatohepatitis, potentially leading to liver damage and cancer. Additionally, it can impact the progression of other liver disorders and participate in the pathogenesis of T2DM and atherosclerosis. The development of NAFLD involves various molecular mechanisms and is influenced by multiple signaling pathways, such as SIRT1/AMPK, JAK/STAT, FXR, PPARa, NF-κB, Nrf2, Th17/Treg, and JNK pathways.
Fig.3 The pathogenesis and interorgan crosstalk of non-alcohol-associated fatty liver/steatohepatitis.3,4
OP is a systemic metabolic bone disease marked by a significant reduction in bone mass and the deterioration of bone microarchitecture. These alterations result in weaker and more brittle bones, which greatly increases the risk of fractures. Important contributors to OP include estrogen deficiency, aging, and oxidative stress. Emerging research highlights several signaling pathways associated with OP, such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, OPG/RANKL/RANK, Hedgehog/GLI, MBP, SIRT1, and Notch pathways.
As a leading antibody supplier worldwide, Amerigo Scientific specializes in delivering top-notch antibody products crucial in metabolic disease research. Our experienced team offers tailored antibody development and manufacturing services for a wide range of disease research. Please contact us for more details.
References
Browse Products by Target Initial
