Neuroinflammation related Antibody Products

The central nervous system (CNS) initiates a range of responses to maintain homeostasis in both pathological and physiological states. This collection of responses, collectively termed "neuroinflammation," involves the coordinated actions of various cellular and molecular processes aimed at detecting potential threats, mitigating their effects, and repairing resultant damage. Amerigo Scientific offers a selection of internally developed and validated antibodies related to neuroinflammation, tailored to meet your specific research needs.

Overview of Neuroinflammation

Neuroinflammation refers to the inflammation of nervous tissue and can be triggered by various factors, including traumatic brain injury, toxic metabolites, infections, or autoimmune reactions, which disrupt the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is usually an immunologically privileged site, shielded by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) from peripheral immune cells. However, when the BBB is compromised, an amplified immune response originally aims to protect the CNS from pathogens, but results in extensive toxicity and widespread inflammation, further facilitating leukocyte migration through the BBB. Neuroinflammation involves numerous signaling pathways, receptors, and various cell types.

Fig.1 The onset of neuroinflammation within the organism.Distributed under CC BY-SA 4.0, from Wiki, without modification.

Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation

Monocytes and clonotypic immune cells are pivotal in neuroinflammation, serving as physiological protectors against pathogens and particularly neurotropic viruses. These cells also play crucial roles in maintaining CNS structure and function, influencing development, and enhancing cognitive abilities. In neurodegenerative diseases, however, these immune cells become dysregulated, affecting both their levels and functions, leading to aberrant immune responses. This dysregulation often results in altered monocyte profiles and phenotypes, both peripherally and centrally, impacting their quantity and quality.

Fig.2 Recent insights on peripheral and infiltrating monocytes and clonotypic immune cells in neuroinflammation.¹

Functions of Neuroinflammation

While neuroinflammation is often viewed negatively due to its association with pathology, it encompasses a spectrum of responses, some beneficial. In CNS injuries, a balance between inflammation and repair processes can aid functional recovery. The intensity and duration of inflammation determine whether immune signals support or harm the CNS. Beneficial responses include immune-to-brain signaling post-infection, which reorganizes host priorities, and interleukins like IL-1 and IL-4, which aid learning, memory, and recovery post-injury. Conversely, maladaptive responses involve chronic inflammation marked by cytokines (IL-1, TNF), reactive oxygen species, and peripheral immune cell recruitment, leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.

Key Targets of Neuroinflammation Research

Amerigo Scientific offers a comprehensive selection of recombinant antibodies across various species, isotypes, and configurations. If you are unable to locate the specific antibody required, our custom antibody engineering services are prepared to meet your needs. Browse our collection of antibodies related to neuroinflammation, or contact us for inquiries or quotes. We are keen to assist you.