With rich expertise in investigating carbohydrate metabolism, Amerigo Scientific is proud to introduce our related products to our clients.
Carbohydrates are indispensable for all life, exerting various key functions for growth, reproduction, and organismal maintenance. For humans, carbohydrates are the primary substrate for skeletal muscle contraction during high-intensity exercise and are also essential in exercise at moderate intensity, playing critical roles in promoting human survival throughout evolution.
Carbohydrate metabolism is a series of biochemical processes in living organisms, including the formation, interconversion, and breakdown of carbohydrates. The specific metabolic pathways contain glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, glycogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, fructose metabolism, and galactose metabolism. These pathways involve complex regulatory networks, including regulatory molecules and signaling pathways, exerting functions locally in hormonal signals and peripheral tissues that are metabolically active. The regulation responds to carbohydrate intake alterations and modulates metabolism to maintain homeostasis in organisms via interorgan communication.
Fig.1 Diagram of the relationship between the processes of carbohydrate metabolism.1
The central roles of carbohydrate metabolism in a broad spectrum of biological activities make it tightly involved in many human diseases, such as disorders and complications like diabetes mellitus, fructose malabsorption, lactose intolerance, glycogen storage disease, and galactosemia, as well as many other communicable/non-communicable diseases including cancers. It is demonstrated that carbohydrate metabolism is a key regulator of epigenetic regulation in innate immune cells, and can be recognized as a hallmark for the activation and functions of innate immune cells.
The molecules and pathways participating in carbohydrate metabolism provide candidate therapeutic targets for diabetes, obesity, and cancers, and many therapeutic agents based on targeting carbohydrate metabolism have been developed and evaluated. For example, the glycolytic phenotype of cancer cells, which exhibits boosted utilization of glucose compared to normal cells, is associated with increased expression levels of glucose transporters (GLUTs), making suppressing the availability of glucose a promising anti-cancer strategy. An anti-viral drug, which is a protease inhibitor repressing GLUT4, has been approved by the FDA to be utilized in multiple myeloma (MM).
Fig.2 Overview of major carbohydrate metabolic pathways.2
Here we listed some known regulatory molecules in carbohydrate metabolic pathways related to metabolic disorders, which can be regarded as potential therapeutic targets:
THTR1, GLUT3, GLUT10, TALDO, GAA, GBE1, G6PDH, GDE, GYS1, GYG1, LAMP2, PRKAG2, RBCK1, G6PT1, ALG3, ALG6, ALG9, ALG12, ATP6V1A, ATP6V1E1, B3GAT3, B3GALTL, COG1, COG7, DPM3, DOLK, FKRP, FKTN, MPDU1, GMPPB, NPL, PIGA, PIGL, PIGN, PGM1, PIGO, PIGV, PIGT, PMM2, POMT1, POMT2, XYLT2, SRD5A3, CTSA, GLA, GLB1, GBA1, HEXB, IDS, IDUA, SGSH, HGSNAT, NAGLU, GNS, ARSB, GALNS, GUSB, ARSK, etc.
As a leader in antibody research and development, Amerigo Scientific has gained rich knowledge and resources in targeting a diversity of mechanisms including carbohydrate metabolism, as well as the genes and pathways within. We are proud to introduce our antibody products for various applications to our esteemed clients around the world, please feel free to for more information.
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