Amerigo Scientific provides a wide range of validated antibodies and helps researchers improve their experiments and research about mitochondria and related diseases. We maintain our self-requirements of excellence and are committed to contributing to your study.
Mitochondria are important organelles that exist in most eukaryotic cells. They are the main site for aerobic respiration and provide energy for the body. Mitochondria are generally short rods or spherical in shape, but depending on the species and physiological state of the organism, they can also be ring-shaped, linear, dumbbell-shaped, branched, flat disc-shaped, or other shapes.
Fig.1 Structure of Mitochondria. Distributed under Public Domain, from Wiki, without modification.
The number of mitochondria varies greatly in different organisms and tissues. Some cells have thousands of mitochondria, such as 1,000 to 2,000 in liver cells. Some cells, like yeast cells, have only one mitochondrion. Most mature red blood cells of mammals do not have mitochondria. Generally speaking, the higher the cell's metabolic rate, the greater the number of mitochondria. The distribution direction of mitochondria is consistent with that of microtubules, and they are usually distributed in areas with vigorous cell function. Mitochondria can migrate to areas with vigorous function in the cytoplasm using microtubules as guides and motor proteins as power.
Problems with human mitochondria can lead to mitochondrial diseases. When mitochondrial metabolism is defective, it will cause ATP synthesis disorders and insufficient energy sources, thus causing mitochondrial diseases. This deficiency is usually caused by genetic defects.
Mitochondrial markers refer to proteins or other markers specifically expressed on mitochondria, which are commonly used as research tools in cell biology. Some commonly used markers for mitochondrial research are summarized as follows:
ATP5F1 recombinant protein is an important component of the mitochondrial ATP synthesis chain and is responsible for regulating the ATP synthesis process in mitochondria.
Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is a mitochondrial chaperone protein encoded by the nuclear genome. It plays an important role in the transport and folding of proteins in mitochondria and is an important marker of mitochondria. Studies have found that the inactivation of HSP60 affects the key functions of mitochondria and reduces the respiratory capacity and ATP levels of cells.
It is a protein complex on the inner membrane of mitochondria. It is involved in the proton transport necessary for ATP synthesis and catalyzes oxygen into water. Most COX subunits can serve as good mitochondrial markers.
Mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) is a key factor in the transcription and replication of mitochondrial DNA. Genes regulate mitochondrial function by regulating mtTFA, which initiates the replication, transcription, and translation of factors related to the oxidative phosphorylation process in mitochondria.
As a new target for the treatment of tumors and metabolic diseases, PHB is not only a new type of molecular chaperone protein, but also participates in the cell cycle, maintains mitochondrial structure and function, and has anti-apoptosis, aging, and proliferation effects.
Amerigo Scientific provides high-affinity antibodies for diverse targets about mitochondria and related diseases, satisfying your various demands. We are dedicated to helping you improve your experiments and accelerate the R&D process in mitochondria study. Please for more information.
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