Amerigo Scientific provides high-quality antibody products related to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to our worldwide clients, assisting in your research projects into ESCs, and the genes and cell markers involved.
Embryonic stem cells are a type of pluripotent cells allowing unlimited growth and persistent undifferentiated states in vitro. ESCs are derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, which is a pre-implantation embryo at the early stage (5–7 days post-fertilization). These cells are endowed with the ability of self-renewal, possessing the potential to give rise to all three germ layers, all possible cell types, and the entire organism, with the existence of correct cues of stimulation. ESCs express a series of transcription factors that ensure the suppression of genes that lead to differentiation and the maintenance of pluripotency, including OCT4, SOX2, and Nanog, serving as key epiblast markers.
Encouraging research results of ESCs have been reported in animal models, making them attract attention across many fields. Considering the distinctive properties of ESCs, including pluripotency, self-renewal, and genomic stability, they have been recognized as promising candidates for cell-based therapies, as well as a robust research tool for elucidating the detailed mechanisms of stem cell differentiation.
Fig.1 Embryonic stem cells are able to develop into any type of cell.Distributed under CC BY-SA 2.5, from Wiki.
ESCs have been extensively studied in different fields, including immunotherapy, regenerative medicine, and drug discovery. Phase I clinical trials have been conducted to test ESCs in patients with macular degeneration and spinal cord injury. A study has reported that hESC-derived oligodendrocyte precursors transplanted in five spinal cord injury patients result in the reduction of spinal cord cavitation in four of the five, and no adverse event was observed. Another study has demonstrated that hESC-derived retinal pigment epithelium exhibits clinical improvement for patients with age-related degeneration and Stargardt disease, without showing tumorigenicity. ESCs are also widely utilized in a variety of tissue engineering, and are being rigorously evaluated for their regenerative potential for treating various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular ischemic lesions.
There are multiple genes and cell markers involved with the biological processes of ESCs, exerting different essential functions, e.g., maintenance of pluripotency and self‐renewal, post-transcriptional machinery of ICM cells, cellular specification, functional telomerase activity, proliferative expansion, and interactions with key signaling pathways like p38 MAPK and ERK. Explorations on these molecules contribute to the understanding of ESCs and inspire more strategies for clinical applications.
Some representative cell markers and genes are listed below:
OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, BMP4, GDF3, REX1, ESG1, DPPA2, DPPA4, hTERT, TRA1‐60/81.
Through decades of efforts, Amerigo Scientific has gained abundant knowledge and resources in research fields, including ESCs, and the genes and cell markers involved. We are proud to introduce our antibody products and related services for various applications to our esteemed clients around the world, please do not hesitate to for more information.
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