Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability related Antibody Products

The advancement and approval of antibody-based therapeutics have accelerated considerably over the past decade. Nonetheless, limited blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability poses a challenge for antibody therapies targeting conditions where the central nervous system is involved. Amerigo Scientific offers antibodies related to the BBB, which serve as vital tools for furthering neuroscience research. These antibodies assist our esteemed patrons in studying proteins associated with the BBB and can be employed in biomarker assays for early diagnosis.

Introduction of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability

Maintaining BBB homeostasis is vital for preserving the central nervous system's normal physiological functions. The BBB's permeability is rigorously controlled by tight junctions and adhesion junctions within its vessels, significantly limiting the passage of substances from the systemic circulation into the brain. This restricted permeability shields the brain from rapid ionic or metabolic fluctuations and protects against harmful blood-borne, endogenous, and exogenous substances. During ischemic and hypoxic conditions, BBB permeability increases, visible as an enhancement on CT scans. However, excessive perfusion or slow blood flow may obscure this enhancement, complicating the pharmacological treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. Consequently, in-depth studies of the BBB are crucial for effective drug delivery to the central nervous system under pathological conditions.

Fig.1 Solute permeability at defensive barriers of the brain.¹

Architecture and Role of the BBB

Main Function and Structure of BBB

BBB separates peripheral blood circulation from the central nervous system (CNS). It consists of astrocytic perivascular endfeet, the basal lamina, and capillary endothelial cells. Endothelial cells express transporters and receptors like EAAT1-3, GLUT1, and LAT1. Astrocytes connect neurons to the BBB. This 'physical barrier' relies on tight junctions between endothelial cells, enforcing transcellular rather than paracellular molecular traffic. The BBB selectively supplies the brain with nutrients, removes waste, regulates ionic traffic, and maintains optimal brain interstitial fluid. It prevents ionic fluctuations from meals or exercise, and isolates central and peripheral pools of neurotransmitters and neuroactive agents, preventing crosstalk.

Fig.2 Approaches and materials for BBB regulation and brain-targeted drug delivery.²

Role of BBB Permeability in Drug Delivery

BBB serves as a formidable shield against most blood-borne substances, allowing few small molecules to pass through by passive diffusion. Nevertheless, this protective mechanism also prevents the majority of small-molecule drugs and all large molecular therapeutics from accessing the brain. Enhancing the lipophilicity of therapeutic agents has been explored to improve BBB permeability, although this approach may compromise drug efficacy and lead to prolonged retention in non-target tissues, thereby increasing side effects.

Recent progress in materials science and nanotechnology has catalyzed the innovation of approaches to modulating BBB permeability and designing drug delivery systems targeted for the brain. Functional materials with optimized size, structure, and therapeutic functionalities have been engineered, significantly improving the efficacy of brain-targeted drug delivery systems.

Key Targets Involved in BBB Permeability

Amerigo Scientific offers a broad selection of recombinant antibodies across various species, isotypes, and configurations. If the particular antibody you seek is not available, our custom antibody engineering services are equipped to meet your requirements. Browse our catalog of antibodies related to the blood-brain barrier, or contact us for inquiries or quotes. We are eager to assist you.