Penicillin G Potassium, USP

- Overview
  - Penicillin G Potassium, USP is a member of the β-lactam antibiotics and was one of the first discovered antibiotics.
    Penicillin G potassium is sparingly soluble in aqueous solution.
    
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    Background
    
    β-lactams interfere with PBP (penicillin binding protein) activity involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. PBP’s are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues providing additional strength to the cell wall. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised and ultimately leads to cell lysis and death. Resistance to β-lactams is commonly due to cells containing plasmid encoded β-lactamases.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    113-98-4
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C16H17KN2O4S
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    372.49
    
    Appearance
    
    White or almost white crystalline powder
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Penicillium sp.
    PH: 5.0-7.5
    Assay: (On Dried Basis): 1440-1680 u/mg
    Loss on Drying: Not more than 1.5%
    Melting Point: 214-217°C
    Identification: IR, Potassium - Passes test
    
    Storage
    
    2-8°C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Penicillin is targets primarily Gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Penicillin is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options for infected patients. Representative MIC values include:
    Streptococcus pneumoniae 0.004 µg/mL – 0.5 µg/mL
    Streptococcus agalactiae 0.03 µg/mL – 0.06 µg/mL
    Mycoplasma Media Supplements
    Penicillin can be used as a selective agent in several types of isolation media:
    Mycoplasma Agar - Mycoplasma Supplement G
    Mycoplasma Agar - Mycoplasma Supplement P
    
    Plant Biology Applications: In a study by Windsor et al. (1972), Penicillin G Potassium was shown to control the bacterial plant disease clover club leaf in crimson clover using 100 – 1000 µg/mL.