Cefetamet Pivoxil Hydrochloride

- Overview
  - Cefetamet Pivoxil Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of Cefetamet Pivoxil, a pivalate ester prodrug that is hydrolysed to form the active agent, cefetamet. It is a third-generation cephalosporin with broad-spectrum activity. It is active against bacteria causing respiratory and urinary tract infections.
    Cefetamet Pivoxil Hydrochloride is soluble in DMSO and ethanol but insoluble in water.
    
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    Background
    
    Cefetamet Pivoxil Hydrochloride exerts its bactericidal action by inhibition the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in the bacterial cell wall by binding to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs).
    Cephalosporins interfere with PBP (penicillin binding protein) activity involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. PBP’s are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues providing additional strength to the cell wall. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised and ultimately leads to cell lysis and death. Resistance to cephalosporins is commonly due to cells containing plasmid encoded β-lactamases.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    111696-23-2
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C20H25N5O7S2 · HCl
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    548.03
    
    Appearance
    
    White or light yellow crystalline powder
    
    Solubility
    
    soluble in DMSO and ethanol. Insoluble in water
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: semi-synthetic
    
    Storage
    
    -20°C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Cefetamet displays high in vitro activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Cefetamet has excellent in vitro activity against the major respiratory pathogens including Streptococcus pneumonia and Haemophilus influenza. However, it has poor activity against penicillin-resistant S. pneumonia. The in vitro activity of cefetamet is unaffected by the composition of the agar medium, agar pH or the addition of serum to the agar. In vivo, cefetamet demonstrated antibacterial activity consistent with its in vitro activity in animal models of septicaemia, pyelonephritis, respiratory tract infection and syphilis.