Acriflavine Hydrochloride

- Overview
  - Acriflavine Hydrochloride is a fluorescent dye commonly used as a topical contrast agent. It stains cell nuclei and is applied to tissues before miscrocopy. Acroflavine has been used in confocal laser endomicroscopy. It has also been used for strain selection. Acriflavine is freely soluble in aqueous solution.
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    Background
    
    Acriflavine toxicity arises from its ability to bind to and intercalate DNA. DNA intercalation leads to numerous errors which have a lethal effect on targeted organisms.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    8063-24-9
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C13H11N3 and C14H14N3 •HCl
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    209.172 and 260.75
    
    Appearance
    
    Brown or orange powder
    
    Other Properties
    
    Assay (Dried Basis): 98.5-107.0%
    Residue On Ignition: ≤0.5%
    Heavy Metals: Arsenic (As): ≤0.001%
    Loss on Drying: ≤7.0%
    Identification: Passes test
    
    Storage
    
    2-8 °C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Microbiology Applications: Acriflavine has been used in RNA fluorescent labeling applications by RNA hydrolysis using HCl.
    
    Cancer Applications: Acriflavine has been shown to inhibit HIF-1, a heterodimeric transcription factor which responds to hypoxia and facilitates further cancer progress. Acriflavine prevents dimerization of HIF-1 to prevent its role in cancer growth.