Ticarcillin Disodium with Clavulanate Potassium (15:1)

- Overview
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    Background
    
    β-lactams, like Ticarcillin Disodium, USP, interfere with PBP (penicillin binding protein) activity involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. PBP’s are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues providing additional strength to the cell wall. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised and ultimately leads to cell lysis and death. Resistance to β-lactams is commonly due to cells containing plasmid encoded β-lactamases.
    Clavulanic acid is a “suicide” or “mechanism based” β-lactamase inhibitor. Clavulanic acid contains a β-lactam ring that binds strongly to β-lactamase at or near its activation site, thereby permanently inhibiting enzymatic activity. This action protects other beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, etc.) from β-lactamase catalysis, thereby enhancing their antibacterial activity.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    116876-37-0
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    N/A
    
    Appearance
    
    White or off white to yellow powder
    
    Solubility
    
    Freely soluble
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Mixture
    Water Content (Karl Fischer): Not more than 3.7%
    PH: 5.5-7.5
    Assay: Ticarcillin Disodium (on dried basis) - Not less than 75.0%Clavulanate (on dried basis) - Not less than 5.0%
    Purity Level: ≥99.0%
    
    Storage
    
    2-8 °C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Broad-spectrum including Gram-negative cocci other than enterococci and methicillin-resistant staphylococci; Enterobacteriaceae, including drug-resistant strains; and anaerobes.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Ticarcillin Disodium is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram positive and Gram negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options.
    Representative MIC values include:
    Haemophilus influenzae 0.2 µg/mL – 0.8 µg/mL
    Streptococcus pneumoniae 0.1 µg/mL – 1.6 µg/mL
    
    Plant Biology Applications: Many Agrobacterium isolates are highly susceptible to Ticarcillin Disodium. Agrobacterium strains carrying the standard pBR322 beta-lactamase gene are also susceptible. Timentin activity against Agrobacterium wild-type strains is three logs greater than with comparable doses of carbenicillin.
    In Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation experiments, 0.1mg/ml Timentin is sufficient to counter-select Agrobacterium. Carbenicillin and cefotaxime can be used in the same applications, however, a study by Nauerby et. al. (1997) found Timentin to be less toxic to plant tissues.