Sulfamethizole

- Overview
  - Sulfamethizole is a broad-spectrum sulfathiazole antibacterial of the Sulfonamide class, used for the bacteria causing urinary tract infections. Acting as a synthetic analog of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), it competitively inhibits this compound, which is a substrate of dihydropteroate synthetase in the folic acid pathway. It is also a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor.
    
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    Background
    
    Sulfamethizole interferes with bacterial folic acid production, inhibiting a substrate of dihydropteroate synthetase named para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Thus, PABA is not incorporated into dihydrofolic acid, the immediate precursor to folic acid. This results in cell growth arrest and death. Other mechanisms affecting the folic acid pathway may be involved, as only only microorganisms that make their own folic acid are inhibited by sulfonamides. Animal cells and bacteria that can use folic acid precursors or preformed folic acid are not affected by sulfonamides. Sulfamethizole is also a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, and this property was shown with homology modeling and verified via in vitro screening (Khanfar et al, 2013).
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    144-82-1
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C9H10N4O2S2
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    270.33
    
    Appearance
    
    White to off-white powder
    
    Solubility
    
    Slightly soluble in methanol, DMSO, DMF, and warm water.
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Synthetic
    Purity Level: ≥ 98% (HPLC)
    
    Storage
    
    2-8 °C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Effective against most Gram-positive and many Gram-negative bacteria.
    
    Insect Biology Applications: Sulfonamides such as Sulfamethizole are applied by beekeepers to avoid/fight diseases of honeybees, and Sulfamethizole may be used as a reference standard to screen honey samples for antibiotic remnants. Authors used a rapid, effective method, ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS)(Kivrak et al, 2016).