Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride

- Overview
  - Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum fourth-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic that can be used against the bacteria causing respiratory infections. Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride is sparingly soluble in aqueous solution.
    
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    Background
    
    Fluoroquinolone antibiotics target bacterial DNA gyrase, an enzyme which reduces DNA strain during replication. Because DNA gyrase is required during DNA replication, subsequent DNA synthesis and ultimately cell division is inhibited.
    
    Moxifloxacin is bactericidal against wild-type and first-step gyrase- and topoisomerase IV-resistant mutants. The 8-methoxy group on moxifloxacin appeared to significantly lower the propensity for quinolone resistance development (Dalhoff, 2011).
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    186826-86-8
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C21H24FN3O4 · HCl
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    437.90
    
    Appearance
    
    Yellow powder
    
    Solubility
    
    Sparingly soluble in aqueous solution
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Synthetic
    Water Content (Karl Fischer): ≤4.5%
    PH: 3.9-4.6
    Assay: (HPLC, As Is): ≥98.0%
    
    Storage
    
    2-8°C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Moxifloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic commonly used Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is effective against bacteria that case respiratory infections including S. pneumonia. It is also effective for obligate anaerobes including Bacteriodes, Fusobacterium, Bilophila, and Clostridium.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Representative MIC values include:
    Haemophilus influenzae 0.008 µg/mL – 0.25 µg/mL
    Streptococcus pneumoniae 0.03 µg/mL - 8 µg/mL
    
    Eukaryotic Cell Culture Applications: A cell culture model to investigate the safety of Moxifloxacin for intracameral application was investigated in cultured human corneas to review endothelial toxicity. Moxifloxacin at 10-750 µg/ml was evaluated in endothelial cells, primary human trabecular meshwork cells (TMC), and primary human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Concentrations up to 150 µg/ml had no influence on endothelial cells, TMC, or RPE when exposed for up to 24 hours (MIC90 is 0.25-2.5 µg/ml).(Kernt et al, 2009).