Kanamycin B Sulfate, EvoPure®

- Overview
  - Kanamycin B Sulfate, EvoPure® is a highly purified (≥99.0% pure) sulfate salt form of Kanamycin B. Kanamycin B and C are minor components of the Kanamycin complex, with Kanamycin A being the major component.
    Kanamycn B is a close structural analog of DAA2 and it has an unmethylated 3’-amino group so it can be tested as a surrogate substrate for 3’-deamination.
    Kanamycin is a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic. Kanamycin was isolated from the soil bacterium Streptomyces kanamyceticus in 1957 by Hamao Umezawa at the institute of Microbial Chemistry (Tokyo). Kanamycin inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria and Mycoplasma. It is used to select for transformants (bacteria, fungi, plant, mammalian) which have been successfully transformed with a plasmid containing a Kanamycin resistance gene.
    Kanamycin B Sulfate, EvoPure® is freely soluble in water. It is practically insoluble in ethanol, DMSO, acetone, chloroform, ether and ethyl acetate.
    
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    Background
    
    Aminoglycosides target the 30S ribosomal subunit, lodging between the 16S rRNA and S12 protein. This interferes with the translational initiation complex causing misreading of the mRNA, and production of a faulty or nonexistent protein.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    29701-07-3
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C18H37N5O10 · xH2SO4 (lot-specific)
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    483.51 (Free base)
    
    Appearance
    
    White to off-white crystalline powder
    
    Solubility
    
    Freely soluble in water. Practically insoluble in ethanol, DMSO, acetone, chloroform, ether and ethyl acetate.
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Semi-synthetic; Originally derived from Streptomyces kanamyceticus
    
    Storage
    
    -20°C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Kanamycin is broad-spectrum, however, it is mostly used against aerobic Gram-negative bacteria.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Kanamycin is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options for infected patients. Representative MIC values include:
    Salmonella enteritidis 62.5 µg/mL
    Escherichia coli 31.2 µg/mL.
    Kanamycin B was used as a structural analog of DAA2, an important enzyme in the Gentamicin biosynthetic pathway, to study the use of the biosynthetic pathway of Gentamicin to gain insights into the engineering safer Aminoglycoside derivatives (Huang et al, 2015).
    Kanamycin is one of the most widely used antibiotics yet its biosynthetic pathway remains unclear. Authors reconstructed the entire biosynthetic pathway through the expression of putative biosynthetic genes from S. kanamyceticus in the non-aminoglycoside-producing Streptomyces venezuelae, demonstrating the potential of pathway engineering to direct in vivo production of more robust aminoglycosides (Park et al, 2011).
    
    Plant Biology Applications: Kanamycin is often used in the Agrobacterium mediated transformation while using the npt II gene as selection marker. Kaur and Bansal (2010) used kanamycin in combination with cefotaxime to control bacterial growth while transforming tomato.