Kanamycin A Sulfate, EvoPure®

- Overview
  - Kanamycin A Sulfate, EvoPure® is the highly purified sulfate salt form of Kanamycin A. Kanamycin A is the major component of the Kanamycin complex, with minor components of Kanamycin B and C.
    Kanamycin is a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic. Kanamycin was isolated from the soil bacterium Streptomyces kanamyceticus in 1957 by Hamao Umezawa at the institute of Microbial Chemistry (Tokyo). Kanamycin inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria and Mycoplasma. It is used to select for transformants (bacteria, fungi, plant, mammalian) which have been successfully transformed with a plasmid containing a kanamycin resistance gene.
    Kanamycin A Sulfate, EvoPure® is freely soluble in water. It is practically insoluble in ethanol, DMSO, acetone, chloroform, ether and ethyl acetate.
    
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    Background
    
    Aminoglycosides target the 30S ribosomal subunit, lodging between the 16S rRNA and S12 protein. This interferes with the translational initiation complex causing misreading of the mRNA, and production of a faulty or nonexistent protein.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    25389-94-0
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C18H36N4O11 · xH2SO4 (lot specific)
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    484.50 g/mol (Free base)
    
    Appearance
    
    White powder
    
    Solubility
    
    Freely soluble in water. Practically insoluble in ethanol, DMSO, acetone, chloroform, ether and ethyl acetate.
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Streptomyces kanamyceticus
    Purity Level: ≥99.0%
    
    Storage
    
    -20 °C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Kanamycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, however, it is mostly used against aerobic Gram-negative bacteria.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Kanamycin Sulfate is commonly used as a selective agent to select for resistant mammalian, fungal, or bacterial cells that contain the kanMX marker or other kanamycin resistance genes. Kanamycin Sulfate is typically used at a working concentration of 30-100 µg/mL.
    Kanamycin can be used as a selective agent in several types of isolation media:
    Kanamycin Aesculin Azide Agar - Isolation of group D streptococci, isolation of Enterococci from food samples.
    Perfringens Agar - SFP and TSC selective supplements for the isolation of Clostridium perfringens
    Kanamycin Sulfate is commonly used for in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. For additional MIC data for Kanamycin Sulfate, visit our Antimicrobial Index.
    
    Plant Biology Applications: Kanamycin is often used in the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using the neomycin phosphotransferase gene (npt II gene) as a selection marker which confers resistance to Kanamycin (and G418).
    Gene transfer to cereal cells (Triticum monococcum) mediated by protoplast transformation with naked DNA. Plasmid contained a gene of interest along with the ntp II gene and after insertion, and transformed cells were selected on medium containing Kanamycin (Lorz et al 1985).
    In a study of drought and salt tolerance, soybeans (DT84 cultivar) were genetically modified using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to insert the GmDREB6 gene along with the nptII gene to select for plants resistant to Kanamycin. GmDREB6 is a dehydration-responsive element binding proteins (DREBs), a plant transcription factor that binds to specific region of promoter to activate expression of mechanisms to cope with cellular dehydration. Overexpression of GmDREB6 increased transcription levels of GmP5CS which caused a higher intracellular proline content in plants growing under salt stress (Nguyen et al, 2019).