Doxycycline Hydrate

- Overview
  - Doxycycline Hydrate is a third-generation tetracycline and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, synthesized in 1958. It has broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiprotozoan activity, and interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. It is soluble in ethanol, methanol, DMF and DMSO.
    
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    Background
    
    Doxycycline Hydrate is prepared by hydrogenolysis of oxytetracycline to remove the 6-hydroxy group. Tetracycline antimicrobials bind to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit interfering with tRNA/mRNA interaction, ultimately inhibiting protein synthesis. Tetracyclines can inhibit the MMP enzyme family and inhibit mitochondrial biogenesis.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    17086-28-1
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C22H24N2O8 · H2O
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    462.46
    
    Appearance
    
    Yellow to orange solid
    
    Solubility
    
    Soluble in ethanol, methanol, DMF and DMSO.
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: semi-synthetic
    Purity Level: ≥98%
    
    Storage
    
    2-8°C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Doxycycline Hydrate has broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and antiprotozoan activity.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Doxycycline is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and certain Mycoplasma species. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Representative MIC values include:Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae 0.1 ug/ml Enterococcus spp. (vancomycin-resistant) 4 ug/ml
    Eukaryotic Cell Culture Applications: Doxycycline is routinely used for gene selection. For additional information on your cell culture needs, please visit our Cell Culture Database.
    
    Cancer Applications: Doxycycline was able to inhibit cancer stem cell progression across an entire panel of 12 different tumor cell lines representing different cancer types (DCIS, breast, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, glioblastoma, melanoma (Lamb et al, 2015). Doxycycline can eradicate cancer stem cells in breast cancer patients in vivo. Authors found a quantitative decease in CD44 and ALDH1 expression, biomarkers of ‘stemness’. This is promising work in using cancer stem cells for cancer prevention, and is an excellent candidate for compound repurposing (Scatena C et al, 2018).