Doxycycline Hyclate

- Overview
  - Doxycycline Hyclate is a broad-spectrum tetracycline targeting bacteria responsible for respiratory infections. It is a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, an inhibitor of mitochondrial biogenesis, and it has been shown to have anti-cancer properties. Doxycycline Hyclate is soluble in aqueous solution.
    
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    Background
    
    Tetracycline antimicrobials bind to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit interfering with tRNA/mRNA interaction, ultimately inhibiting protein synthesis. Tetracyclines can inhibit the MMP enzyme family and inhibit mitochondrial biogenesis.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    24390-14-5
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C22H24N2O8 · HCl · 0.5H2O · 0.5C2H6O
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    512.94
    
    Appearance
    
    Yellow crystalline powder
    
    Solubility
    
    Soluble in aqueous solution (50 mg/ml)
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Streptomyces peucetius
    Water Content (Karl Fischer): 1.4-2.8%
    PH: 2.0-3.0
    Identification: Conforms
    
    Storage
    
    2-8°C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Doxycycline Hyclate has broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and Mycoplasma (ie. M. pneumoniae). Certain β-lactam resistant strains of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus are also inhibited.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Doxycycline Hyclate is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and certain Mycoplasma species. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Representative MIC values include: Mycoplasma pneumoniae 0.03 µg/mL – 0.25 µg/mL Haemophilus influenzae 0.5 µg/mL – 3.1 µg/mL Eukaryotic Cell Culture Applications: Doxycycline Hyclate is routinely used for gene selection. For additional information on your cell culture needs, please visit our cell-culture database. Doxycycline is a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. Using a series of in vitro assays that mimic steps in vascular remodeling, researchers found Doxyclline increased smooth muscle cell adhesion to the substrate. It also inhibited collagen gel remodeling. These properties make it potentially useful in vascular disease like atherosclerosis, restenosis, and transplant arteriopathy (Franco et al, 2006).
    
    Cancer Applications: Using 12 different human tumor cell lines represetnting 8 different cancer types (DCIS, breast, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, glioblastoma, and melanoma), authors found that Doxyclycline inhibited cancer stem cell propagation across this entire panel of cell lines (Lamb et al, 2015). Doxycycline can eradicate cancer stem cells in breast cancer patients in vivo. Authors found a quantitative decease in CD44 and ALDH1 expression, biomarkers of ‘stemness’. This is promising work in using cancer stem cells for cancer prevention, and is an excellent candidate for drug repurposing (Scatena C et al, 2018).