Doripenem Hydrate

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Background

Doripenem hydrate is a parenteral, potent, and well-balanced antibiotic against a wide range of both Gram+ and Gram- bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa [1] with MIC90 values of ≤ 0.5 µg/ml against methicillin-susceptible streptococci and staphylococci, 0.032-0.5 µg/ml against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenza, and 8 µg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa [2].
Patients with cystic fibrosis can be infected with several pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus and P. aeruginosa, chronically. By 18 years of age, 80% of cystic fibrosis patients are infected with P. aeruginosa [3].
Doripenem hydrate was potent against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis with the same MIC90 value of 0.063 µg/ml. Doripenem hydrate was 2-4 times more active than other tested carbapenems against S. aureus. The activity of doripenem hydrate against S. pneumoniae was similar to that of imipenem but higher than that of other tested agents. Doripenem hydrate was potent against S. pneumonia with an activity similar to that of other tested carbapenems (MIC90, 0.5 µg/ml). Doripenem hydrate had an activity similar to that of cefpirome against S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes. Doripenem hydrate was more active against Enterococcus faecalis than other tested agents except for imipenem [2].
In mice experimentally induced with acute bacteremia, the ED50 of doripenem hydrate against S. aureus Smith was 0.066 mg/kg. Doripenem hydrate was more effective than other tested carbapenems against S. aureus TUH1. Doripenem hydrate was more effective than other tested agents except for meropenem-cilastatin against E. coli C-11. Doripenem hydrate almost shared the same effectiveness with other tested carbapenems against P. aeruginosa E7. Against P. aeruginosa TUH302, doripenem hydrate was the most effective among tested drugs [2].

[1]. Yutaka Nishino, Makoto Kobayashi, Taneyoshi Shinno, et al. Practical Large-Scale Synthesis of Doripenem: A Novel 1â-Methylcarbapenem Antibiotic. Organic Process Research & Development, 2003, 7:846-850.
[2]. Masakatsu Tsuji, Yoshikazu Ishii, Akira Ohno, et al. In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activities of S-4661, a New Carbapenem. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1998, 42(1): 94-99.
[3]. Yunhua Chen, Elizabeth Garber, Qiuqu Zhao, et al. In Vitro Activity of Doripenem (S-4661) against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2005, 49(6):2510-2511.