Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride

- Overview
  - Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum, second-generation, 4-fluoroquinolone antibiotic that targets the bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase. It is effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and Mycoplasmas. Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride is freely soluble in aqueous solution.
    
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    Background
    
    Fluoroquinolone antibiotics target bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase type II), an enzyme which reduces DNA strain during replication and is essential for DNA packaging, transcription, and replication. Thus, DNA synthesis and cell division is inhibited.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    86393-32-0
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C17H18FN3O3 · HCl· H2O
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    385.82 g/mol
    
    Appearance
    
    White or off-white crystalline powder
    
    Solubility
    
    Freely soluble in water (35 mg/ml)
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Synthetic
    Water Content (Karl Fischer): 4.7-6.7%
    PH: 3.0-4.5
    Assay: 98.0-102.0% (on dry basis)
    Residue On Ignition: ≤0.1%
    Heavy Metals: ≤0.002%
    Purity Level: 98.0-102.0%
    
    Storage
    
    2-8 °C; protect from light.
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Ciprofloxacin is a broad spectrum antibiotic targeting a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is also effective against Mycoplasmas.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Plant Biology Applications: Garlic protoplasts were cultured in medium containing Ciprofloxacin, and the compound was successful at preventing microbial growth and was not toxic to protoplasts (Fellner, 1995).
    
    Eukaryotic Cell Culture Applications: Mycoplasma-infected leukemia cell lines were cultured with 10 µg/ml ciprofloxacin for 14 days (Gignac et al 1991). Murine plasmocytoma cell lines X63-Ag8 653 were experimentally infected with seven different species of Mycoplasma and eradication was found with 10 µg/ml Ciprofloxacin. Wild-type lab infections of human cell lines HL-60 and U-937 were eliminated with 12 days of treatment. No side effects were seen in cell cultures (Schmitt et al, 1988).
    
    Cancer Applications: Two transitional cell carcinoma cell lines, MBT‐2 and T24, were used in an in vitro study of the effects of Ciprofloxacin on cell proliferation, and the compound was found to inhibit cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (Ebisuno et al, 1997).