Cefprozil

- Overview
  - Cefprozil is a semisynthetic, second-generation cephalosporin beta-lactam antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefprozil is soluble in DMSO (10 mg/ml). It is sparingly soluble in water.
    
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    Background
    
    Like β-lactams, cephalosporins interfere with PBP (penicillin binding protein) activity involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. PBP’s are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues providing additional strength to the cell wall. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised and ultimately leads to cell lysis and death. Resistance to cephalosporins is commonly due to cells containing plasmid encoded β-lactamases.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    92665-29-7
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C18H19N3O5S
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    389.43 g/mol
    
    Appearance
    
    White powder
    
    Solubility
    
    Soluble in DMSO (10 mg/ml). Sparingly soluble in water (0.055 mg/ml).
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Semi-synthetic
    Purity Level: 900-1050µg/mg
    
    Storage
    
    -20°C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Cefprozil is a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria such as those causing ear, nose, throat, and skin infections.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Cefprozil is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Representative MIC values include: Streptococcus pyogenes 0.015 µg/mL – 0.06 µg/mL Haemophilus influenzae 4 µg/mL – 32 µg/mL Cancer Applications: When cells become malignant, they often lose their primary cilium, a microtubule-based sensory organelle. Thus, the potential to restore the cilium is being investigated as a therapeutic approach to attenuate tumor growth in cancer research. Commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs like Cefprozil can restore ciliogenesis, and thus they are referred to as ciliogenic drugs. Using pancreatic cancer cell lines CFPAC-1 and PANC-1, researchers found a causative link between secreted ATP and cilia induction via an autocrine/paracrine loop involving extracellular ATP-purinergic receptor signaling pathway (Khan et al, 2017).