Cefpirome Sulfate

- Overview
  - Cefpirome Sulfate is the sulfate salt of Cefpirome, a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cefpirome is a β-lactam antibiotic consisting of a β-lactam ring bound to a dihydrothiazine ring. This two-ring system distorts the β-lactam amide bond, resulting in increased reactivity.
    Cefpirome Sulfate is slightly soluble in DMSO.
    
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    Background
    
    Like β-lactams, cephalosporins interfere with PBP (penicillin binding protein) activity involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. PBP’s are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues providing additional strength to the cell wall. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised and ultimately leads to cell lysis and death. Resistance to cephalosporins is commonly due to cells containing plasmid encoded β-lactamases.
    
    The relative lack of cross-resistance between Cefpirome and the third generation cephalosporins suggests a slightly different mechanism of action of Cefpirome in comparison to the other cephalosporins. Due to its compact dipolar structure, Cefpirome can penetrate Gram-negative bacteria more quickly than the other agents (Nikaido et al, 1990)
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    98753-19-6
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C22H22N6O5S2H2SO4
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    612.66
    
    Appearance
    
    White or almost white crystalline powder
    
    Solubility
    
    slightly soluble in DMSO (1 mg/ml)
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Semi-synthetic
    Water Content (Karl Fischer): ≤4.0%
    PH: (2% in H2O): 1.3-2.5
    Assay: ≥99.0% (on dried basis)
    Residue On Ignition: ≤0.1%
    Heavy Metals: ≤20ppm
    Identification: HPLC, precipitate from reaction of calcium hydroxide TS, test for Na
    
    Storage
    
    -20°C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Cefpirome is a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A relatively low affinity of Cefpirome for lactamases is considered to be one of the reasons for its high antimicrobial activity against such enzyme-producing strains (Nikaido et al, 1990). Many Bacteroides, Enterococci, and Haemophilus species have developed resistance to Cefpirome.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Cefpirome Sulfate is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Representative MIC values include:
    Campylobacter jejuni 0. 5 µg/mL – 8 µg/mL
    Klebsiella pneumonieae 0.032 µg/mL - 0.125 µg/mL
    
    Cancer Applications: Cefpirome was found to be more effective than ceftazidime, aztreonam, timentin, and piperacillin against nosocomially important isolates during in vitro examination of 253 bacterial isolates from cancer patients (Rolston et al, 1986).