Cefmenoxime Hydrochloride

- Overview
  - Cefmenoxime HCl is the hydrochloride salt form of Cefmenoxime, a third-generation, semi-synthetic, β-lactam cephalosporin with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.
    
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    Background
    
    Like β-lactams, cephalosporins interfere with PBP (penicillin binding protein) activity involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. PBP’s are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues providing additional strength to the cell wall. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised and ultimately leads to cell lysis and death. Resistance to cephalosporins is commonly due to cells containing plasmid encoded β-lactamases.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    75738-58-8
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    (C16H17N9O5S3)2 • HCl
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    1059.58
    
    Appearance
    
    Off-white to pale yellow powder
    
    Solubility
    
    DMSO (slightly, heated)
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Semi-synthetic
    Purity Level: ≥98.5%
    
    Storage
    
    -20°C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Cefmenoxime is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Representative MIC values include: Haemophilus influenzae ≤0.008-0.015 µg/mL Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0.25-128 µg/mL Streptococcus aureus 0.5-32 µg/mL Streptococcus pneumonieae ≤0.008-0.015 µg/mL Streptococcus pyogenes ≤0.008-0.015 µg/mL
    
    Eukaryotic Cell Culture Applications: Human corneal endothelia cells (HCECs) were grown in culture to assess the toxicity of Cefmenoxime solutions as a model for post-operative eye infection. Cell survival after 48 h exposure was evaluated with the WST assay. Cefmenoxime was the least toxic antibiotic of the antibiotics tested which include levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin. This solution is unlikely to cause cell damage. (Ayaki et al, 2010) Transcellular transport was studied in a kidney epithelial cell line (LLC-PK1). There were no directional differences between the directional transport (apical-to-basolateral and vice versa) suggesting the NMTT group does not influence the transport of β-lactam antibiotics (Goto et al, 1998).