Bialaphos Sodium - bar gene selective agent

- Overview
  - Bialaphos Sodium is a freely soluble herbicide synthesized by Streptomyces hygroscopicus and Streptomyces viridochromeogenes. It is commonly used for gene selection in cereals.
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    Background
    
    Bialaphos acts as a proherbicide by separating into individual subunits of alanylalanine and phosphinothricin . Phosphinothricin is toxic to cells by triggering the accumulation of ammonia, and inhibiting photosynthesis and glutamine synthesis.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    71048-99-2
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C11H21N3NaO6P
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    345.27
    
    Appearance
    
    Pale orange-colored powder
    
    Solubility
    
    Freely soluble in water
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Streptomyces griseochromogenes
    Assay: (HPLC): ≥80.0%
    Loss on Drying: ≤8.0%
    
    Storage
    
    2-8°C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Microbiology Applications: BIalaphos Sodium from TOKU-E was used to study its effects on oligopeptide transporters in a Sinorhizobium meliloti hfq mutant (Sobrero et al, 2011).
    
    Plant Biology Applications: Bialaphos Sodium is used in transformation of cereals including wheat, rice, maize, barley, sorghum, oat and rye. The bar gene is incorporated in the plant genome along with the gene of interest. When Bialaphos is applied, only plants which are successfully transformed survive (Aragão, 2002).