Amoxicillin Sodium

- Overview
  - Amoxicillin Sodium is an extended spectrum β-lactam antibiotic and is similar in structure to Ampicillin. Resistance to Amoxicillin can be attributed to β-lactamase enzymes secreted by a resistant cell. Amoxicillin Sodium is soluble in aqueous solution.
    
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    Background
    
    Like all β-lactams, Amoxicillin targets PBP’s (penicillin binding proteins) involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. PBP’s are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised ultimately leading to the death of the cell.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    34642-77-8
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C16H18N3NaO5S
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    387.39
    
    Appearance
    
    White or almost white crystalline powder
    
    Solubility
    
    Soluble in aqueous solution (50 mg/ml)
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Semi-synthetic
    Water Content (Karl Fischer): ≤3.0%
    PH: 8.0-10.0
    Assay: (Dried Basis): ≥80.0%
    Optical Rotation: +240° to +290°
    Identification: Conforms (IR)
    
    Storage
    
    2-8°C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Amoxicillin targets a wide range of β-lactamase negative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including E. coli and a number of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species. Because peptidoglycan is synthesized in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Amoxicillin can be used against a wide variety of species.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Amoxicillin is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Representative MIC values include: Neisseria gonorrhoeae 0.3 µg/mL - 32 µg/mL Haemophilus influenzae 0.125 µg/mL － >64 µg/mL Eukaryotic Cell Culture Applications: Dendritic cells were incubated with supernatant from Amoxicillin-treated hepatocytes in vitro to characterize signaling pathways between hepatocytes and immune cells to study the compound's influence on the immune response (Ogese, 2017).