Fosfomycin Sodium

- Overview
  - Fosfomycin Sodium is broad-spectrum phosphoenolpyruvate analog antibiotic. It has a chemically unique structure unlike any other antibacterial agent. Fosfomycin has been found to have an immunomodulatory effect on human B-cell activation. Fosfomycin Sodium is freely soluble in aqueous solution.
    
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    Background
    
    Fosfomycin prevents peptidoglycan synthesis by inhibiting MurA, an enzyme responsible for synthesizing N-acetylmuramic acid, a major component of peptidoglycan. The compound also inactivates the bacterial enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-3-o-enolpyruvyl transferase, which is essential for the synthesis of bacterial wall peptidoglycan.
    Fosfomycin has been found to have immunosuppressive activity, which is not linked to its bactericidal activity, since the enantiomer of Fosfomycin does not have antimicrobial activity. Rather, the immunosuppressive action is seen by its immunomodulatory effect on human B-cell activation.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    26016-99-9
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C3H5Na2O4P
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    182.02
    
    Appearance
    
    White or off-white powder
    
    Solubility
    
    Freely soluble in water
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Streptomyces spp.
    Water Content (Karl Fischer): ≤1.0%
    PH: 9.0-10.5
    Assay: (On Dried Basis): 95.0-101.0%
    Melting Point: >300°C
    Optical Rotation: -13° to -15°
    
    Storage
    
    2-8°C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Fosfomycin Sodium is a broad-spectrum antibiotic active against bacteria causing urinary tract infections. Fosfomycin has been found to be effective against certain β-lactam resistant strains of VRE or vancomycin resistant Enterococcus, a glycopeptide antibiotic resistant "superbug."
    
    Microbiology Applications: Fosfomycin is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Representative MIC values include: Escherichia coli 0.19 µg/mL – 64 µg/mL Helicobacter pylori 0.05 µg/mL – 12.5 µg/mL Media Supplements Fostfomycin can be used as a selective agent in several types of isolation media: Listeria Selective Agar - Listeria Selective Supplement Listeria Selective Agar - Modified Listeria Selective Supplement
    
    Eukaryotic Cell Culture Applications: Investigators examined the effect of Fosfomycin on the immune system, specifically the in vitro function of human T cells, and was found to exert its action on the late stage of T-cell activation. It inhibited the proliferation of human lymphocytes induced by polyclonal T-cell mitogens. It suppressed mixed lymphocyte reaction and the production of interleukin-2 by T-cells. Fosfomycin also inhibited the expression of IL-2 receptor and transferrin receptor on T-cell surfaces. This property widens the therapeutic indices as it could be combined with immunosuppressants in organ transplantation (Morikawa et al, 1993).