Flumequine

- Overview
  - Flumequine is a broad-spectrum, first-generation fluoroquinolone commonly used in veterinary research. It was patented in 1973 by Riker Labs. Flumequine is freely soluble in alkaline solutions and ethanol but is insoluble in water.
    
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    Background
    
    Fluoroquinolone antibiotics target bacterial DNA gyrase, a bacterial Topoisomerase II inhibitor that reduces DNA strain during replication. Because DNA gyrase is required during DNA replication, subsequent DNA synthesis and ultimately cell division is inhibited.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    42835-25-6
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C14H12FNO3
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    261.25
    
    Appearance
    
    White crystalline powder
    
    Solubility
    
    DMSO: Soluble
    Water: Insoluble
    Alkaline solutions: Soluble
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Synthetic
    Assay: (On Dried Basis): 99.0-101.0%
    Loss on Drying: ≤0.5%
    Melting Point: 253-255°C
    Optical Rotation: -0.1° to +0.1°
    
    Storage
    
    Ambient
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Flumequine targets primarily Gram-negative bacteria, especially those which cause infections of the intestinal tract.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Flumequine is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Representative MIC values include:
    Escherichia coli 0.12 µg/mL – 0.5 µg/mL
    
    Eukaryotic Cell Culture Applications: Although quinolones are highly toxic to mammalian cells in culture, its mechanism of cytotoxic action is not known. Quinolone-induced DNA damage was first reported in 1986 (Hussy et al, 1986).