Flucloxacillin sodium

- Overview
  - Flucloxacillin sodium is a narrow spectrum β-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class and similar in structure to cloxacillin.
    
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    Background
    
    β-lactams interfere with PBP (penicillin binding protein) activity involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. PBP’s are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues providing additional strength to the cell wall. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised and ultimately leads to cell lysis and death. Resistance to β-lactams is commonly due to cells containing plasmid encoded β-lactamases. Unlike many penicillins, flucloxacillin is resistant to the degradative effects of β-lactamases.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    1847-24-1
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C19H16ClFN3NaO5S
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    475.85
    
    Appearance
    
    White or almost White Crystalline Powder
    
    Solubility
    
    Water: Freely soluble
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Semi-synthetic
    Water Content (Karl Fischer): 3.0-4.5%
    PH: 5.0-7.0
    Assay: (On Dried Basis): 95.0-102.0%
    Melting Point: 176-178°C
    Optical Rotation: +158° to +168°
    
    Storage
    
    Ambient
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Flucloxacillin targets primarily the cell wall of susceptible gram positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Flucloxacillin is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against gram positive microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options for infected patients. Representative MIC values include: Staphylococcus aureus 0.1 µg/mL – 0.25 µg/mL