Cloxacillin Sodium

- Overview
  - Cloxacillin sodium is a narrow-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class. Cloxacillin sodium is sparingly soluble in aqueous solution (0.014 mg/mL).
    
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    Background
    
    β-lactams interfere with PBP (penicillin binding protein) activity involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. PBP’s are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues providing additional strength to the cell wall. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised and ultimately leads to cell lysis and death. Resistance to β-lactams is commonly due to cells containing plasmid encoded β-lactamases. Unlike other members of the penicillin class, cloxacillin is resistant to β-lactamases.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    7081-44-9
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C19H17ClN3NaO5S · H2O
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    475.88 g/mol
    
    Appearance
    
    White or almost white powder
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Bacillus polymyxa
    PH: 4.0-7.0
    
    Storage
    
    2-8 °C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Cloxacillin targets primarily gram positive bacteria, especially β-lactamase producing Staphylococci.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Cloxacillin is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against gram positive microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options for infected patients. Representative MIC values include:Staphylococcus aureus 0.2 µg/mL – 3.13 µg/mL