Ceftriaxone Sodium, USP

- Overview
  - Ceftriaxone sodium, USP is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that can be used in proteomics, the study of penicillin-binding proteins, and biosynthetic pathway investigation. It is freely soluble in aqueous solution.
    
    Please contact us at for specific academic pricing.
    
    Background
    
    Like β-lactams, cephalosporins interfere with PBP (penicillin binding protein) activity involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. PBP’s are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues providing additional strength to the cell wall. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised and ultimately leads to cell lysis and death. Resistance to cephalosporins is commonly due to cells containing plasmid encoded β-lactamases. Like many cephalosporins, ceftriaxone is resistant to a number of β-lactamases. Ceftriaxone can be used to study PBPs.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    104376-79-6 (trihydrate); 74578-69-1 (anhydrous)
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C18H16N8O7S3 · 2Na · 3.5 H2O
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    661.60 g/mol
    
    Appearance
    
    Off-white to yellow crystalline powder
    
    Solubility
    
    Freely soluble in aqueous solution (105 mg/mL), sparingly soluble in methanol, and very slightly soluble in ethanol.
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Synthetic
    Water Content (Karl Fischer): 8.0-11.0%
    PH: 6.0-8.0
    Assay: (On Dried Basis): ≥795 µg/mg
    Identification: Conforms
    
    Storage
    
    -20°C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Ceftriaxone Sodium is a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Ceftriaxone Sodium is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Representative MIC values include: Streptococcus pneumoniae 0.03 µg/mL - 8 µg/mL Streptococcus pyogenes 0.008 µg/mL – 0.5 µg/mL Eukaryotic Cell Culture Applications: During in vitro studies with hippocampal astrocytes, researchers found that Ceftriaxone promoted the nuclear translocation of p65 as well as the activation of Akt. It modulated EAAT2 expression (Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2) via PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. It may exert protective effects against early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).(Feng et al, 2014). Using in vitro models with primary human fetal astrocytes, researchers found Ceftriaxone has a neuroprotective effect and can ameliorate specific neurodegenerative diseases by increasing the update of glutamate, an essential neurotransmitter regulating brain function. It stimulates the expression of one of the major glutamate transporters (Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter or EAAT2) via a signaling pathway called the nuclear factor-kB pathway (Lee et al, 2008).