Aztreonam, Solubilized

- Overview
  - Aztreonam, Solubilized is a of β-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. Aztreonam is categorized as a monobactam as it contains a single of β-lactam ring instead of the fused of β-lactam and thiazolidine rings found in generic of β-lactams. Due to its unique structure, Aztreonam is not typically inactivated by β-lactamases. Aztreonam is used to combat Gram-negative bacteria in microbiology, cancer therapy, and plant tissue culture. Aztreonam is freely soluble in water.
    
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    Background
    
    β-lactams interfere with PBP (penicillin binding protein) activity involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. PBP’s are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues providing additional strength to the cell wall. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised and ultimately leads to cell lysis and death. Resistance to β-lactams is commonly due to cells containing plasmid encoded β-lactamases.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    78110-38-0
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C13H17N5O8S2
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    435.43
    
    Appearance
    
    White powder
    
    Solubility
    
    Freely soluble in water (100 mg/ml)
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Semi-synthetic
    Water Content (Karl Fischer): ≤ 2.0%
    PH: 4.5-7.5
    Purity Level: 90.0-105.0% (on anhydrous and arginine free basis)
    
    Storage
    
    2-8 °C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Aztreonam is effective against Gram-negative bacteria.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Aztreonam is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Representative MIC values include: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ≤0.12 µg/mL － >16 µg/mL Proteus mirabilis ≤0.12 µg/mL － >16 µg/mL Plant Biology Applications: Aztreonam is a broad-spectrum antibiotic commonly used in plant tissue culture to control bacterial contamination from Gram-negative species.
    
    Cancer Applications: Aztreonam is effective for for Gram-negative bacteria but it must be used in combination to provide Gram-positive coverage.