Ketoconazole

- Overview
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    Background
    
    Ketoconazole increases cell permeability by inhibiting enzymes involved in ergosterol synthesis, specifically the enzyme P450 14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51A1) which converts lanosterol to ergosterol. The increased permeability has a toxic effect on the fungi and leads to cell death.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    65277-42-1
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C26H28Cl2N4O4
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    531.43
    
    Appearance
    
    White to light yellow powder
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Synthetic
    Assay: (On Dried Basis): 98.0-102.0%
    Loss on Drying: ≤0.5%
    Melting Point: 147-151°C
    
    Storage
    
    2-8°C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Ketoconazole is a broad spectrum antifungal agent targeting a wide variety of fungal cell membranes.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Resistance to Ketoconazole has been observed in a number of clinical fungal isolates, including Candida albicans. Resistance arises as a result of mutations in the sterol biosynthesis pathway. Multidrug-resistance (MDR) genes can also play a role in reducing the cellular levels of the compound.