Dicloxacillin Sodium

- Overview
  - Dicloxacillin Sodium is the sodium salt of Dicloxacillin, a narrow-spectrum, β-lactam belonging to the Penicillin class. It interferes with bacterial cell walls. Dicloxacillin has similar properties to oxacillin and flucloxacillin.
    
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    Background
    
    β-lactams interfere with PBP (penicillin binding protein) activity involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. PBP’s are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues providing additional strength to the cell wall. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised and ultimately leads to cell lysis and death. Resistance to β-lactams is commonly due to cells containing plasmid encoded β-lactamases. Oxacillin however, is resistant to the degradative effects of β-lactamases. Dicloxacin may interfere with autolysin inhibitors.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    13412-64-1
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C19H16Cl2N3O5S • Na • H2O
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    510.32
    
    Appearance
    
    White to off-white crystalline powder
    
    Solubility
    
    Soluble in water
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Semi-synthetic
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including S. aureus.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Dicloxacillin Sodium can used for for penicillin G-resistant Staphylococci. Dicloxacillin Sodium is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Representative MIC values include: Diplococcus pneumoniae: 0.02-6.3 ug/mlH. influenzae: 6.3-25 ug/ml . (editor link: please hyperlink to: http://antibiotics.toku-e.com/antimicrobial_4712.html)
    
    Eukaryotic Cell Culture Applications: Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and the endothelial hybrid cell line EaHy926 were exposed to Dicloxacillin Sodium at 6250 m/L. Dicloxacillin increased the number of cells with ICAM-1 expression by 37%. This supports the theory that endothelial cells may initiate an inflammatory response through expression of ICAM-1 (Lanbeck et al, 2004).