Cyclosporin D, EvoPure®

Cyclosporin D, EvoPure® is a hydroxylated metabolite of Cyclosporin A. Cyclosporin D and other Cyclosporin metabolites have been found to have lower (<10%) immunosuppressant activity than Cyclosporin A. Cyclosporin D has been found to reverse daunorubicin resistance in some resistant leukemia cells by possibly inhibiting the efflux functions of P-glycoprotein.
EvoPure® products have been fully characterized by spectral analysis and are shipped with a comprehensive certificate of analysis containing lot-specific HPLC, MS, HNMR, and FTIR data.

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Background

Cyclosporin B (and other Cyclosporin A metabolites) have lower immunosuppressive activity but likely operate under the same mechanism as Cyclosporin A described below.

After entering a T-cell, Cyclosporin A associates with the cytosolic protein cyclophilin which helps in protein folding. Cyclosporin A binds to cyclophilins and this complex binds another cytosolic protein phosphatase called Calcineurin (protein phosphatase 2B) that dephosphorylates a transcription factor (nuclear factor of activated T-cells, or NF-AT) needed for expression of interleukin 2 (IL-2.). It also blocks the pathway to nitric oxide synthesis via tumor necrosis factor (TNFa) and Interleukin 1a.