Carbenicillin Disodium, USP

- Overview
  - Carbenicillin Disodium, USP is a carboxypenicillin antibiotic routinely used for gene selection. The compound interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis, thus it can also be used to study the role of penicillin-sensitive transpeptidases in the formation of cell walls. The carboxycillins are susceptible to degradation by beta-lactamase enzymes.
    Carbenicillin Disodium USP conforms to United States Pharmacopoeia specifications.
    
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    Background
    
    Carbenicillin interferes with PBP (penicillin binding protein) activity involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. PBP’s are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues providing additional strength to the cell wall. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised and ultimately leads to cell lysis and death. Resistance to β-lactams is commonly due to cells containing plasmid-encoded β-lactamases.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    4800-94-6
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C17H16N2Na2O6S
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    422.36 g/mol
    
    Appearance
    
    White or off-white powder
    
    Solubility
    
    Freely soluble in water
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Semi-synthetic
    Water Content (Karl Fischer): ≤6.0%
    PH: 6.5-8.0
    
    Storage
    
    -20°C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: The activity of Carbenicillin is limited to primarily Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and common enteric bacteria.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Carbenicillin Disodium is often used to select for cells that have been transformed with a plasmid containing the ampR gene which confers resistance to ampicillin and Carbenicillin. Carbenicillin Disodium can be substituted for Ampicillin Sodium for better stability and to avoid formation of satellite colonies.Carbenicillin Disodium is a preferred alternative to ampicillin due to its increased stability in the presence of heat and low pH environments. Substituting Carbenicillin Disodium for ampicillin also reduces the risk of satellite colonies appearing on growth media during extended periods of incubation.
    
    Plant Biology Applications: Carbenicillin Disodium, USP is routinely used in Agrobacterium mediated transformation protocols to select for resistant Agrobacterium and transformed plants. Carbenicillin Disodium demonstrates low toxicity to plant tissues. RNA-guided genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 system was used with tobacco protoplasts and whole-plant transformation. Using multiplexing gRNA, Two genes (NtPDS and NtPDR6) were mutated and transgenic tobacco plants with successfully obtained containing both mutations (Gao et al, 2015).