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Overview
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Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a beta-herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 5) that causes widespreadpersistent infection. CMV continues to be an important opportunistic pathogen inimmunocompromised patients. It is estimated that 30% of transplant recipients experience CMVdisease. The range of organ involvement in post-transplant CMV disease is wide; hepatitis occurs in40% of liver transplant recipients, and pneumonitis is more frequently seen in heart and heart-lungtransplant patients. Other organs that are commonly affected are the gastrointestinal tractand the peripheral and central nervous systems. Histologic diagnosis of CMV in fixed tissues usuallyrests on identifying characteristic cytopathic effects including intranuclear inclusions, cytoplasmicinclusions, or both, especially in the endothelial cells. However, histologic examination lacks sensitivity, and in some cases atypical cytopathic features can be confused with reactive or degenerative changes.
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Overview