Genetically Encoded Calcium Indicator - Cytosol

The use of genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs) has proven to be an indispensable tool for studying the spatio-temporal dynamics of cellular Ca2+ signals in vivo and in vitro. They have been adopted as chronic probes for simultaneously monitoring neuronal activity in contexts ranging from dissociated neurons in vitro to brain activity in behaving animals. In other cell types such as cardiomyocytes and pancreatic beta cells, GECIs also can be applied for studying Ca2+-mediated signal transduction. In addition, red fluorescent GECIs facilitate simultaneous imaging and optical activation when used in conjunction with blue-light activatable optogenetic actuators such as channel rhodopsin-2 (ChR2).

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