G418 Sulfate (Geneticin)

G418 Sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by the bacterium Micromonospora purpurea, which is structurally similar to gentamicin B1. It is used for the selection and maintenance of eukaryotic cells expressing the neo gene. G418 works by inhibiting transposons Tn601 and Tn5, disrupting ribosome (80S) function, and blocking protein synthesis, thus exhibiting toxicity to prokaryotic organisms (such as bacteria), eukaryotic microorganisms (such as yeast and fungi), and mammalian cells.

In mammalian cells, once the neo gene is integrated into the eukaryotic genome, it encodes the expression of aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase (APH(3')II), which inactivates the antibiotic G418. Therefore, G418 is used for the selection and maintenance of cells that have successfully been transfected with the neo resistance gene, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

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