Cefdinir

- Overview
  - Cefdinir is a broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin resistant to many β-lactamase enzymes. It is structurally similar to Cefixime and was patented in 1979 by Fujisawa Pharmaceutical. Cefdinir is an inhibitor of neutrophil myeloperoxidases and can also interact with the dipeptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2.
    
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    Background
    
    Cephalosporins interfere with PBP (penicillin binding protein) activity involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. PBP’s are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues providing additional strength to the cell wall. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised and ultimately leads to cell lysis and death. Resistance to cephalosporins is commonly due to cells containing plasmid encoded β-lactamases, however, Cefdinir is not typically inactivated by this mechanism.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    91832-40-5
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C14H13N5O5S2
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    395.42
    
    Appearance
    
    White or light yellow powder
    
    Solubility
    
    Slightly soluble in dilute HCl. Poor water solubility (0.46 mg/mL).
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Synthetic
    Water Content (Karl Fischer): ≤3.0%
    Assay: (On Dried Basis): 960-1020 µg/mg
    Residue On Ignition: ≤0.2%
    Optical Rotation: -67° to -61°
    
    Storage
    
    -20°C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Cefdinir targets both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including those responsible for ear, sinus and skin infections.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Cefdinir is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options . Representative MIC values include:
    Haemophilus influenzae 0.05 µg/mL – 3.13 µg/mL
    Staphylococcus aureus 0.125 µg/mL - >128 µg/mL
    
    Eukaryotic Cell Culture Applications: Cefdinir inhibits the luminol-amplified chemiluminescence (LACL) response of human neutrophils stimulated by PMA (but not opsonized zymosan) in a concentration-dependent manner. Cefdinir also inhibited LACL generation in cell-free systems consisting of H2O2, NaI, and either horseradish peroxidase or a myeloperoxidase-containing neutrophil extract (Labro et al, 1994).
    Cefdinir inhibits the activity of myeloperoxidase-containing neutrophil extract released into the extracellular medium during neutrophil stimulation by soluble mediators, but has no effect on that released into the phagolysosome during phagocytosis. This unusual property could be of interest in modulating the exaggerated inflammatory process associated with infectious diseases (Labro et al, 1994).