Name: Carboxy-PTIO
Price: 351.00 USD

- Overview
  - Carboxy-PTIO is a stable, water-soluble organic radical that reacts with NO to form NO2· This reaction can be monitored by electron spin resonance (ESR). NO is an unstable molecule and has a complex reaction cascade for its metabolism in biological systems. Rapidly generated NO-related metabolites carry out various physiological activities. Commonly used NO scavengers such as hemoglobin trap NO; they also trap NOS inhibitors such as arginine derivatives. These NO scavengers also quench all other NO-related metabolites at the same time. In contrast, Carboxy-PTIO does not dramatically affect other NO-related product systems because it transforms NO to NO2, which is a metabolite of NO. Thus, Carboxy-PTIO can be used to investigate the effects of NO separately from its downstream metabolites. Dr. Akaike and others showed that Carboxy-PTIO suppresses relaxation of the rat aorta ring, which is induced by acetylcholine, twice as effectively as NG-nitroarginine. Dr. Yoshida and others reported that downstream metabolites of NO, generated by treatment with Carboxy-PTIO, have an increased antiviral activity compared to NO alone. The NO metabolites play important roles in biological systems; therefore, they should be investigated separately from NO.
    
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- Properties
  - Categories
    
    Nitric Oxide
    
    CAS Number
    
    148819-93-6
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C14H16N2NaO4
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    299.28
    
    Appearance
    
    Dark blue or black powder
    
    Storage
    
    -20°C, protect from light, moisture and metal
    
    Shipping
    
    ambient temperature
    
    * For research use only
- Reference
  - 1) E. F. Ullman, et al., Studies of Stable Free Radicals. X. Nitronyl Nitroxide Monoradicals and Biradicals as Possible Small Molecule Spin Labels. J Am Chem Soc. 1972;94:7049-7059.
    
    2) Y. Miura, et al., Polymers Containing Stable Free Raficals, 5. Preparation of a Polymer Containing Imidazoline 3-Oxide 1-Oxyl Groups. Macromol Chem Phys. 1973;172:233-236.
    
    3) K. Inoue, et al., Magnetic Properties of the Crystals of p-(1-Oxyl-3-Oxide-4, 4, 5, 5-Tetramethyl-2-Imidazolin-2-Yl)Benzoic acid and Its Alkali Metal Salts. Chem Phys Lett. 1993;207:551-555.
    
    4) T. Akaike, et al., Antagonistic Action of Imidazolineoxyl N-Oxides Against Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor/NO Through a Radical Reaction. Biochemistry. 1993;32:827-832.
    
    5) J. Joseph, et al., Trapping of Nitric Oxide by Nitronyl Nitroxides: an Electron Spin Resonance Investigation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993;192:926-934.
    
    6) M. Yoshida, et al., Therapeutic Effects of Imidazolineoxyl N-Oxide Against Endotoxin Shock Through Its Direct Nitric Oxide-scavenging Activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994;202:923-930.
    
    7) T. Az-Ma, et al., Reaction Between Imidazolineoxil N-Oxide(Carboxy-PTIO) and Nitric Oxide Released from Cultured Endothelial Cells:Quantitative Measurement of Nitric Oxide by ESR Spectrometry. Life Sci. 1994;54:PL185-PL190.
    
    8) H. Maeda, et al., Multiple Functions of Nitric Oxide in Pathophysiology and Microbiology: Analysis by a New Nitric Oxide Scavenger. J Leukoc Biol. 1994;56:588-592.
    
    9) T. Akaike, et al., Quantitation of Nitric Oxide Using 2-Phenyl-4, 4, 5, 5-Tetramethylimidazoline-1-Oxyl 3-Oxide(PTIO). Methods Enzymol. 1996;268:211-221.
    
    10) S. Satoh, et al., NO Donors Stimulate Noradrenaline Release from Rat Hippocampus in a Calmodulin-dependent Manner in the Presence of LCysteine. J Cell Physiol. 1996;169:87-96.
    
    11) D. C. Hooper, et al., Prevention of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis by Targeting Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite: Implications for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. PNAS. 1997;94:2528-2533.
    
    12) S. Pfeiffer, et al., Interference of carboxy-PTIO with Nitric-Oxide and Peroxynitrite-Mediated Reactions. Free Radic Biol Med. 1997;22:787-794.

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