BABE - Amerigo Scientific

- Overview
  - Bromoacetamidobenzyl-EDTA (BABE) is a chelate labeling reagent that conjugates with sulfhydryl groups. The iron chelate of BABE (FeBABE) is a unique tool for determining the three-dimensional structure of proteins and the binding structures of protein-protein or protein-DNA complexes. BABE adds EDTA moieties to proteins through their sulfhydryl groups. Once attached to a protein, FeBABE cuts a nearby peptide or DNA chain. The cleavage site is within 12 angstroms of the FeBABE binding site. Iron (II)-chelate cleaves a peptide or DNA chain in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The cleavage reaction completes quickly: 10 seconds to 20 minutes of incubation is sufficient. The size of the cleaved fragment is analyzed with gel electrophoresis such as SDS-PAGE.
    
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- Properties
  - Categories
    
    Protein-DNA Interaction
    
    CAS Number
    
    84256-91-7
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C19H24BrN3O9
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    518.32
    
    Appearance
    
    White to light grayish powder
    
    Purity
    
    ≥90.0% (HPLC)
    
    Storage
    
    -20°C
    
    Shipping
    
    ambient temperature
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Labeling Procedure
    1. Dialyze the protein solution in conjugation buffer (10-20 mM MOPS, 0.2 M NaCl, 2 mM EDTA, 5% glycerol, pH 8.0) at 4°C overnight.
    2. After dialysis, adjust the protein concentration to 15-30 mM.
    3. Add 15 ml of 20 mM FeBABE DMSO solution to 1 ml of the protein solution and incubate it at 37°C for 1 hour. The final concentration of FeBABE is 0.3 mM (10-20X excess to the protein).
    4. Dialyze the reaction mixture in protein storage buffer (10-20 mM Tris, 0.1-0.2 M KCl, 10 mM MgCl2, 0.1 mM EDTA, 50% glycerol, pH 7.6) at 4°C overnight.
- Reference
  - 1) L. H. DeRiemer, C. F. Meares, D. A. Goodwin and C. I. Diamanti, BLEDTA II: Synthesis of a New Tumer-Visualizing Derivative of Co(III)-bleomycin, J. Labelled Compd. Radiopharm., 1981, 18, 1517.
    
    2) T. M. Rana and C. F. Meares, Specific Cleavage of a Protein by an Attached Iron Chelate, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1990, 112, 2457.
    
    3) T. M. Rana and C. F. Meares, Transfer of Oxigen from an artificial protease to peptide carbon during proteolysis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1991, 88, 10578.
    
    4) D. P. Greiner, R. Miyake, J. K. Moran, A. D. Jones, T. Negishi, A. Ishihama, and C. F. Meares, Synthesis of the Protein Cutting Reagent Iron (S)-1-(p-Bromoacetamidobenzyl) ethylebediaminetetraacetate and Conjuation to cysteine Sie Cahins, Bioconjugate Chem., 1997, 8, 44.
    
    5) E. Platis, M. R. Ermacora and R. O. Fox, Oxidative Polypeptide Cleavage Mediated by EDTA-Fe Covalently Linked to Cysteine Residue, Biochemistry, 1993, 32, 12761.
    
    6) S. L. Traviglia, S. A. Datwyler, D. Yan, A. Ishihama and C. F. Meares, Targeted Protein Footprinting: Where Different Transcription Factors bind to RNA Polymerase, Biochemistry, 1999, 38, 4259.
    
    7) J. B. Ghaim, D. P. Greiner, C. F. Meares and R. B. Gennis, Proximity Mapping the suface of Membrane Protein Using an Artificial Protease: Demonstration That the Quinone-Binding Domain of Subunit I Is near the N-Terminal Region of Subunit II of Cytochrome bd, Biochemistry, 1995, 34, 11311.
    
    8) R. Miyake, K. Murakami, J. T. Owens, D. P. Greiner, O. N. Ozoline, A. Ishihama and C. F. Meares, Dimeric Association of Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase alfa subunits, studied by Cleavage of Single-Cysteine alfa Sununits Conjugated to Iron-(S)-1-(p-(Bromoacetamido) benzyl)ethylenediaminetetraacetate, Biochemistry, 1998, 37, 1344.
    
    9) J. T. Owens, R. Miyake, K. Murakami, A. J. Chmura, N. Fujita, A. Ishihama and C. F. Meares, Mapping the sigma70 subunits contact sites on Escherichia coli RNA polymerase with a sigma70-conjugated chemical protease, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1998, 95, 6021.
    
    10) J. A. Bown, J. T. Owens, C. F. Meares, N. Fujita, A. Ishihama, S. J. Busby and S. D. Minchin, Organization of open complexes at Escherichia coli promoters. Location of promoter DNA sites close to region 2.5 of the sigma70 subunit of RNA polymerase, J. Biol. Chem., 1999, 274, 2263.
    
    11) F. Colland, N. Fujita, D. Kotlarz, J. A. Bown, C. F. Meares, A. Ishihama and A. Kolb, Positioning of sigma(S), the stationary phase sigma factor, in Escherichia coli RNA polymerase-promoter open complexes, EMBO J., 1999, 18, 4049.
    
    12) G. M. Heilek, R. Marusak, C. F. Meares and H. F. Noller, Directed hydroxyl radical probing of 16S rRNA using Fe(II) tethered to ribosomal protein S4, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1995, 92, 1113.
    
    13) G. M. Heilek and H. F. Noller, Site-directed hydroxyl radical probing of the rRNA neighborhood of ribosomal protein S5, Science, 1996, 272,

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