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Overview
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Sry‐related HMG‐BOX gene 10, (SOX‐10), a nuclear transcription factor that participates in neural crest development and in the specification and differentiation of cells of melanocytic lineage, has been recently shown to be a sensitive marker of melanoma. SOX‐10 nuclear expression was found in virtually all cases of melanomas (97%) and about half of cases of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (49%). In sentinel node, SOX‐10 is positive in metastatic melanomas and nodal capsular nevus but not in dendritic cells, which usually express S100 protein. SOX‐10 is moderately to strongly positive in desmoplastic or spindle cell melanomas, which is usually negative for HMB‐45, Melan‐A or even S‐100. SOX‐10 is diffusely expressed in schwannomas, neurofibromas, sustentacular cells of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. SOX‐10 reaction is not identified in any other mesenchymal and epithelial tumors except for myoepitheliomas and diffuse astrocytomas.
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Overview