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Overview
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Detonation nanodiamond suspensions for catalyst support, battery additives, electroplating, and polishing.
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Background
The two main industrial methods of nanodiamonds synthesis are high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) synthesis and detonation synthesis from high-energy explosives. The detonation method is advantageous in producing Detonation nanodiamond (DNDs) with a typical size of 4-5 nm. DNDs are potential nanomaterials with a wide range of applications. Their small size, high crystalline quality and surface functionalization ability make them unique and versatile. DNDs have the potential to be applied in various fields such as nanoelectronics, catalysis, biomedicine, and composite materials.
Agglomeration of DNDs occurs during detonation synthesis. Industrial DND powder consists of strong agglomerates with mean size ranging 40-200 nm consisted from 4-5 nm crystalline grains. However, DNDs can form stable colloidal solutions in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol, glycerin, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, kerosene, and synthetic alpha-olefin oil without any pre-treatment of their surface, but only due to the presence of surface functional groups of a certain composition.
Applications of Detonation Nanodiamonds
▪ Nanoelectronics and Quantum Computing
Through modification and doping, the properties of DND can be significantly changed, such as he high conductivity of doped DND, which increases the potential use of DND in micro- and nano-electronics. Doping of DND crystallites with heteroatoms (nitrogen, silicon, phosphorus, boron) results in the change in optical, magnetic and thermophysical properties. Nitrogen doping of DND crystallites to give nitrogen vacancy (NV) centres is considered to be most promising. These nanocrystals can be regarded as elements of a quantum computer.
▪ Catalysis
The unique properties of DND allow it to be used as a catalyst or as a catalyst support. DND can be involved in various industrially important processes such as the conversion of aliphatic alcohols, toluene nitration, hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, methanol and carbon monoxide oxidation, hydrodechlorination of organic compounds. DND-based catalysts are highly activity and selectivity.
▪ Biomedical Applications
Considerable advances have been made in the biomedical applications of DNDs. A variety of these applications are proposed such as the design of biomarkers, biosensors, high-efficiency adsorbents, surgical tool coatings, cosmetic ingredients, anti-UV creams, and dental material additives. For example, an efficient copper-nanodiamond composite for anti-biofouling coating in marine facilities and novel chitosan/bacterial cellulose /DND composite films for manufacturing medical dressings were developed. In vitro and in vivo assays found that DNDs are not surrounded by membranes, freely occur in the cytoplasm and do not get into the nucleus or mitochondria, indicating that DNDs have the potential to be applied to imaging techniques.More Details
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- Properties
- Applications
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Overview