5-Fluorouracil

5-Fluorouracil is a synthetic growth inhibitor and a thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor. It is named as there is a fluorine atom on the 5th carbon of a uracil ring. Fluorouracil was patented in 1956 (Hoffman La-Roche). Metabolites of 5-Fluorouracil use multiple targets to slow DNA and RNA processing and therefore cell growth. The compound can inhibit human cell growth, induce apoptosis and can be used as an anti-cancer agent. Derivatives of 5-Fluorouracil were isolated from the marine sponge Phakellia fusca, which is unusual since anti-cancer agents usually do not have analogs in nature.
5-Fluorouracil is sparingly soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol.

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Background

In vivo 5-Fluorouracil is converted into active metabolites that target multiple parts of DNA and RNA synthesis including replacement of uracil and depletion of thymidine triphosphate (TTP)