Trans-Zeatin-Riboside

- Overview
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    Background
    
    trans-Zeatin functions differently depending on which plant system is involved. In Arabidopsis, it functions via high-affinity receptors, include histidine kinases (AHK). Cytokinins have also been shown to moderate plant immunity. For moderating the defense mechanism to pathogens in Arabidopsis, the response is based on salicylic acid-dependent translational control.
    
    However in tobacco, cytokinins (specifically Zeatin) were found to mediate resistance against infection in tobacco via increased antimicrobial phytoalexin synthesis independent of salicylic acid signaling (Grosskinsky et al, 2011). The phytoalexins produced were scopoletin and capsidiol, and these were able to substitute for the cytokinin signal.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    6025-53-2
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C15H21N5O5
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    351.36
    
    Solubility
    
    Soluble in alkaline solutions
    
    Storage
    
    -20 °C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Plant Biology Applications: Cytokinins such as trans-Zeatin are used in plant tissue culture to regulate cell division and development, promoting cell division and shoot formation. Cytokinins have also been shown to help plants better cope with environmental stress. They are also involved in nutrient mobilization, apical dominance and seed germination.
    Cytokinins have shown to be involved in plant immunity, mainly to (hemi)biotrophic but also to necrotrophic pathogens. Research has shown that the cis and trans isoforms differentially modulate plant immunity. Both were studied with tobacco-Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci (Pst) interaction, a well-established pathosystem to analyze cytokinin effects on plant immunity (Grosskinsky et al, 2005). In the tobacco system, trans-Zeatin was more active than cis-zeatin but both were able to modulate plant immunity.
    In the tobacco system, the cytokinin-induced resistance is mediated by increased synthesis of two major antimicrobial phytoalexins (scopoletin and capsidiol). This resistance was substantiated by three independent transgenic approaches: a novel pathogen-inducible expression system to induce endogenous CK biosynthesis, and two different ways of exogenously supplying cytokinins. They also used the synthetic 4xJERE promoter which proved to be valuable tool to dissect the role of cytokinins from indirect effects like the developmental stage or metabolic status. Authors took care to analyze at least 1500 replicate leaves, reflecting more than 62000 infection sites to demonstrate the reproducibility and robustness of the pathogen resistance (Grosskinsky et al, 2011).
    
    Eukaryotic Cell Culture Applications: Zeatin can promote anti-aging on human skin fibroblasts, acting optimally at 80 µM. Serial passaging in the presence of Zeatin prevented cell enlargement, reduced intracellular debris, prevented actin polymerization, and enhanced the cell’s ability to decompose hydrogen peroxide and cope with oxidative stress without inducing additional cell proliferation (Rattan and Sodagam, 2005).